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 <front>
  <journal-meta>
   <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">SCIENTIFIC NOTES OF V. I. VERNADSKY CRIMEAN FEDERAL UNIVERSITY. HISTORICAL SCIENCE</journal-id>
   <journal-title-group>
    <journal-title xml:lang="en">SCIENTIFIC NOTES OF V. I. VERNADSKY CRIMEAN FEDERAL UNIVERSITY. HISTORICAL SCIENCE</journal-title>
    <trans-title-group xml:lang="ru">
     <trans-title>УЧЕНЫЕ ЗАПИСКИ КРЫМСКОГО ФЕДЕРАЛЬНОГО УНИВЕРСИТЕТА ИМЕНИ В. И. ВЕРНАДСКОГО. ИСТОРИЧЕСКИЕ НАУКИ</trans-title>
    </trans-title-group>
   </journal-title-group>
   <issn publication-format="print">2413-1741</issn>
  </journal-meta>
  <article-meta>
   <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">108896</article-id>
   <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.29039/2413-1741-2025-11-3-58-66</article-id>
   <article-categories>
    <subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru">
     <subject>ОБЩАЯ РУБРИКА</subject>
    </subj-group>
    <subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en">
     <subject>GENERAL HEADING</subject>
    </subj-group>
    <subj-group>
     <subject>ОБЩАЯ РУБРИКА</subject>
    </subj-group>
   </article-categories>
   <title-group>
    <article-title xml:lang="en">FROM THE POLITICAL BIOGRAPHY OF J. A. PAEZ: THE VENEZUELAN REVOLUTION AND THE PARTICIPATION OF J. A. PAEZ IN THE ACTIONS OF THE ARMY OF SAN BOLÍVAR</article-title>
    <trans-title-group xml:lang="ru">
     <trans-title>ИЗ ПОЛИТИЧЕСКОЙ БИОГРАФИИ Х. А. ПАЭСА: ВЕНЕСУЭЛЬСКАЯ РЕВОЛЮЦИЯ И УЧАСТИЕ Х. А. ПАЭСА В ДЕЙСТВИЯХ АРМИИ С. БОЛИВАРА</trans-title>
    </trans-title-group>
   </title-group>
   <contrib-group content-type="authors">
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Михайлов</surname>
       <given-names>В. В.</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Mihaylov</surname>
       <given-names>V. V.</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/>
    </contrib>
   </contrib-group>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-1">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Ленинградский государственный университет им. А.С. Пушкина</institution>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">Pushkin Leningrad State University</institution>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <pub-date publication-format="print" date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-11-27T11:58:09+03:00">
    <day>27</day>
    <month>11</month>
    <year>2025</year>
   </pub-date>
   <pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-11-27T11:58:09+03:00">
    <day>27</day>
    <month>11</month>
    <year>2025</year>
   </pub-date>
   <volume>11</volume>
   <issue>3</issue>
   <fpage>58</fpage>
   <lpage>66</lpage>
   <history>
    <date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-11-26T00:00:00+03:00">
     <day>26</day>
     <month>11</month>
     <year>2025</year>
    </date>
   </history>
   <self-uri xlink:href="https://sn-histor.cfuv.ru/arhiv/tom-11-77-3/из-политической-биографии-х-а-паэса-в/">https://sn-histor.cfuv.ru/arhiv/tom-11-77-3/из-политической-биографии-х-а-паэса-в/</self-uri>
   <abstract xml:lang="ru">
    <p>Исследуются события совместной борьбы отрядов бедняков-льянос под руководством будущего первого президента независимой Венесуэлы Хосе Антонио Паэса и армии лидера антииспанской &#13;
вооруженной борьбы в Латинской Америке Симона Боливара. Показаны как успешные «партизанские» действия слабо координированных отрядов вооруженных пастухов, так и развитие успеха, создания &#13;
более или менее регулярной армии восставших. Объединение сил С. Боливара и Х. А. Паэса позволило, начиная с 1818 года, начать «патриотам» масштабное наступление на силы роялистов в Новой Гранаде &#13;
и Венесуэле. В результате в июне 1821 года было создано первое независимое демократическое государство на северо-востоке Южной Америки – Республика Колумбия, президентом которой стал Симон Боливар. Однако разногласия лидеров крупных военных отрядов уже несли в себе зародыш будущего распада новообразованного государства. Более того, военные лидеры, в том числе Паэс, стали оставлять за собой значительные земельные участки, отобранные у испанских владельцев, по сути, начав практику, получившую наименование «каудилизм».</p>
   </abstract>
   <trans-abstract xml:lang="en">
    <p>The article examines the events of the joint struggle of the poor Llanos detachments under the leadership of the future first president of independent Venezuela, Jose Antonio Paez, and the army of the leader of the anti-Spanish armed struggle in Latin America, Simon Bolivar. It shows both the successful «guerrilla» actions of poorly coordinated detachments of armed shepherds, and the development of success, the creation of a more or less regular army of the rebels. The unification of the forces of S. Bolivar and H. A. Paes allowed, starting in 1818, the «patriots» to launch a large-scale offensive against the royalist forces in New Granada and Venezuela. As a result, in June 1821, the first independent democratic state in the north-east of South America was created – the Republic of Colombia, whose president was Simon Bolivar. However, the disagreements of the leaders of large military detachments already carried the germ of the future collapse of the newly formed state. Moreover, military leaders, including Paez, began to reserve significant land plots taken from the Spanish owners, in fact, starting a practice called «caudilism».</p>
   </trans-abstract>
   <kwd-group xml:lang="ru">
    <kwd>история Венесуэлы</kwd>
    <kwd>борьба за независимость Латинской Америки</kwd>
    <kwd>республика  Великая Колумбия</kwd>
    <kwd>Симон Боливар</kwd>
    <kwd>Хосе Антонио Паэс</kwd>
    <kwd>Франциско де Паула Сантандер. Пабло  Морильо</kwd>
   </kwd-group>
   <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
    <kwd>the history of Venezuela</kwd>
    <kwd>the struggle for the independence of Latin America</kwd>
    <kwd>the Republic of Great Colombia</kwd>
    <kwd>Simon Bolivar</kwd>
    <kwd>Jose Antonio Paez</kwd>
    <kwd>Francisco de Paula Santander. Pablo Morillo.</kwd>
   </kwd-group>
  </article-meta>
 </front>
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  <p></p>
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</article>
