Materials in Archaeology, History and Ethnography of Tauria Materials in Archaeology, History and Ethnography of Tauria Материалы по археологии, истории и этнографии Таврии 2413-189X 55891 10.29039/2413-189X.2022.27.354-385 АРХЕОЛОГИЯ ARCHAEOLOGY АРХЕОЛОГИЯ Palaeoanthropological Materials Excavated at the Cemetery of Eski-Kermen (According to 2017 Excavations) Антропологические материалы из раскопок некрополя Эски-Кермена (по материалам раскопок 2017 года) Радочин В. Ю. Radochin Vladimir Yu. Крымский Федеральный Университет им. В.И. Вернадского RU V.I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University RU 21 02 2023 21 02 2023 354 385 20 12 2022 https://maiet.cfuv.ru/antropologicheskie-materialy-iz-raskopok-nekropolya-eski-kermena-po-materialam-raskopok-2017-goda/

Совместная экспедиция Института археологии Крыма РАН и НИЦ исто-рии и археологии Крыма Крымского федерального университета им. В.И. Вернадского в 2017 г. продолжила охранные раскопки городища на плато Эски-Кермен и некрополя на склоне городища. В ходе раскопок на могильнике были открыты и исследованы десять погребальных сооружений разного времени: склеп и две подбойные могилы, относящиеся к раннему этапу жизни городища, а также семь грунтовых могил более позднего периода. Грунтовые могилы были открыты в непосредственной близости от «храма Трех всадников», находящегося на склоне Эски-Кермена. В предлагаемой статье рассма тривается антропологический материал, полученный в ходе исследования погребальных сооружений. Сохранность кост ных останков из подбойных могил и склепа можно охарактеризовать как плохую, материал нуждался в предварительных реставрационных мероприятиях. Работа с материалом из склепа была затруднена некомплектностью костяков и разрушением костного материала. Материал из грунтовых могил характеризовался хорошей и удовлетворительной степенью сохранности. Большинство костяков сохранило анатомический порядок. В ходе работ был установлен количественный и половоз растной состав погребенных, проведен анализ палеопатологических состояний, отмечен ряд не метрических признаков. Эпигенетические признаки чаще фиксировались на костях черепа. Из патологических проявлений наиболее частыми были заболевания, связанные с зубочелюстным аппаратом. Заболевания опорно-двигательного аппарата отмечались на костях позвоночника и крупных суставах длинных костей рук и ног у половозрелых индивидуумов мужского пола. У одного из погребенных индивидуумов женского пола отмечено изме нение на костях крестца, известное как spina bi㣢da. Выявлены патологические из менения, связанные с железодефицитными состояниями, воспалительными процессами, а также изменения костной ткани, связанные с перенапряжением костного аппарата вслед ствие чрезмерных физических нагрузок. На новом материале отмечен только один случай травматического поражения. При зачистке костяка из могилы 395 отмечена некомплектность посткраниального скелета. При сохранении полного анатомического порядка было зафиксировано отсутствие обоих малоберцовых костей.

In 2017, the joint expedition of the Institute of Archaeology of the Crimea of the Russian Academy of Sciences and the History and Archaeology of the Crimea Research Centre of the V. I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University continued rescue excavations of the site of ancient settlement on Eski-Kermen plateau and the cemetery on the slope of the mountain. The excavation at the cemetery uncovered ten burial constructions from various chronological periods: a burial vault and two undercut graves dating back to the early stage of the ancient town, though seven flat graves date from a later period. The flat graves were found close to the Three Holy Riders’s Church on the slope of Eski-Kermen. This article examines the palaeoanthropological materials obtained from the said burial constructions. The preservation of osseous remains from the undercut graves and burial vault was poor; the materials required preliminary restoration. Studying the materials from the burial vault was impeded since the skeletons were incomplete and osseous material was damaged. The materials from the flat graves were of good and satisfactory level of preservation. Most of the skeletons preserved in complete anatomic order. In investigation determined quantitative and sex-and-age structure of the deceased; the analysis of palaeopathological condition was undertaken; some non-metric features were recorded. Epigenetic peculiarities more often occurred on the cranial bones. The most common diseases among pathological cases were related to the teeth-maxillary apparatus. Diseases of locomotor apparatus occurred on vertebral column and big joints of long bones of arms and legs of mature male individuals. One of the buried female individuals had some changes on the sacrum bones known as spina bifida. There were pathological changes related with iron-deficient conditions, inflammations, and changes of bone tissue in result of overstrain of osseous apparatus due to excessive physical load. Only one case of traumatic lesion was documented. The cleaning of the skeleton from grave 395 uncovered the incompleteness of post-cranial skeleton: it laid in anatomic order, but there were no fibulae.

 Крым Эски-Кермен палеоантропология погребальные сооружения искусственная деформация черепа патологии маркеры стресса Crimea Eski-Kermen palaeoanthropology burial constructions artificial skull deformation pathology stress marker

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