Materials in Archaeology, History and Ethnography of Tauria Materials in Archaeology, History and Ethnography of Tauria Материалы по археологии, истории и этнографии Таврии 2413-189X 55894 10.29039/2413-189X.2022.27.420-440 АРХЕОЛОГИЯ ARCHAEOLOGY АРХЕОЛОГИЯ Stamped Ceramic Vessels from Mediaeval Sougdaia Штампованная керамика средневековой Сугдеи Майко Вадим Владиславович Maiko Vadim V. Институт археологии Крыма РАН Симферополь Россия Institute of Archaeology of Crimea RAS Simferopol Russian Federation 21 02 2023 21 02 2023 420 440 20 12 2022 https://maiet.cfuv.ru/shtampovannaya-keramika-srednevekovoj-sugdei/

В статье впервые анализируется штампованная керамика золотоордынского времени, полученная за все годы археологического исследования средневековой Сугдеи. Несмотря на публикацию гончарных печей, производивших эту посуду, сама коллекция до сего времени не введена в научный оборот. Тем не менее, эта коллекция является одной из наиболее представительных для полуострова. Общее количество фрагментов составляет 84 поливных и неполивных экземпляра, включая и археологически целые формы, и 10 форм-матриц калыпе.На основании морфологических признаков можно выделить пять основных типов. Три из них, в зависимости от функционального назначения, четко делятся на два варианта. Два остальных типа представлены, пока, единичными сосудами, не находящими аналогий среди материалов Таврики и близлежащих территорий. В каждом из выделенных типов присутствуют сосуды, образующие две технологические группы. Орнаментальные рельефные мотивы образуют семь основных элементов, объединяемых в семь основных орнаментальных композиций с несколькими вариантами. Исходя из археологических контекстов, представленных, в основном, стратиграфическими горизонтами с широкими хронологическими рамками бытования, штампованная керамика Сугдеи датируется XIV – первой половиной XV в. Выделить комплексы первой четверти XIV в. не представляется возможным. Проанализирована территория распространения штампованной керамики и, прежде всего, наиболее представительные коллекции Солхата и Азака. Истоки появления такой керамики в Крыму неоднократно анализировались. Это и Хорезм, что оспаривается некоторыми специалистами, и территория Закавказья.

This article presents the first-time analysis of the stamped ceramic ware (“Stamped Monochrome Green Ware”) from the Golden Horde Period discovered in all the years of archaeological researches of mediaeval Sougdaia. Although there are publications of the pottery kilns where this ware was produced, the collection itself was not introduced into the scholarship before. Nevertheless, this collection is one of the most representative for the Crimean peninsula. In total, there are 84 glazed and non-glazed fragments, including archaeologically complete forms, and 10 qalyp matrices. From the morphological features, there are reasons to establish five main types. Three of them divide into two variants according to the functional purpose. Two types more are so far isolated vessels with no analogies among the materials of Taurica and nearby territories. Each of the selected types contains vessels of two technique groups. Relief designs form seven main elements, combined into seven main ornamental compositions with several variants. According to the archaeological contexts represented mainly by stratigraphic horizons featuring wide chronological framework, the stamped ceramics of Sougdaia dates from the fourteenth to the first half of the fifteenth century. It is not possible to distinguish the complexes from the first quarter of the fourteenth century. The distribution area of stamped ware and, above all, the most representative collections of Solkhat and Azak have been analyzed. The sources from which this ware came to the Crimea have been repeatedly analyzed. Among them could be Khwarazm, which is still disputed by some experts, and the territory of Transcaucasia.

 Сугдея золотоордынского времени штампованная керамика археологи- ческие контексты морфология технология хронология Sougdaia in the Golden Horde period stamped ware archaeological contexts morphology technology chronology

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