Scientific Notes of V.I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University. Philosophy. Political science. Culturology Scientific Notes of V.I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University. Philosophy. Political science. Culturology Ученые записки Крымского федерального университета имени В.И. Вернадского. Философия. Политология. Культурология. 2413-1695 91174 10.29039/2413-1695-2024-10-1-30-57 ФИЛОСОФИЯ Philosophy ФИЛОСОФИЯ THE EVOLUTION OF RELIGION ЭВОЛЮЦИЯ РЕЛИГИИ Костромицкая Анна Вадимовна Kostromickaya Anna Vadimovna Крымский федеральный университет имени В.И. Вернадского Россия Крымский федеральный университет имени В.И. Вернадского Russian Federation 27 11 2024 27 11 2024 10 1 30 57 26 11 2024 https://sn-philcultpol.cfuv.ru/evolyucziya-religii/

Понимание религии требует объяснения причин единовременного существования универсального и различного в вере в сверхъестественное, в проведении религиозных обрядов и ритуалов в разных культурах, а также причин, по которым религия так часто ассоциируется как с крупномасштабным сотрудничеством, так и с постоянными групповыми конфликтами. Наметившиеся направления исследований позволяют предположить, что эти противоречия возникают в результате конвергенции трех процессов. Во-первых, взаимодействие определенных устойчиво развивающихся когнитивных процессов, таких как человеческая способность делать выводы о присутствии интенциональных агентов, способствует – как побочный продукт эволюции – распространению определенных видов контринтуитивных концепций. Во-вторых, участие в обрядах, включающих дорогостоящие ритуальные демонстрации, задействует различные аспекты сформированной психологии человека для усиления приверженности к сверхъестественным агентам и религиозным сообществам. В-третьих, конкуренция между обществами и организациями с различными религиозными убеждениями и практиками все больше связывает религию не только с внутригрупповой просоциальностью, но и с межгрупповой враждебностью. Эта связь значительно укрепилась за последние тысячелетия как часть эволюции комплексных обществ и важна для понимания сотрудничества и конфликтов в современном мире.

Understanding religion requires explaining why supernatural beliefs, devotions, and rituals are both universal and variable across cultures, and why religion is so often associated with both large-scale cooperation and enduring group conflict. Emerging lines of research suggest that these oppositions result from the convergence of three processes. First, the interaction of certain reliably developing cognitive processes, such as our ability to infer the presence of intentional agents, favors—as an evolutionary by-product—the spread of certain kinds of counterintuitive concepts. Second, participation in rituals and devotions involving costly displays exploits various aspects of our evolved psychology to deepen people’s commitment to both supernatural agents and religious communities. Third, competition among societies and organizations with different faith-based beliefs and practices has increasingly connected religion with both within-group prosociality and between-group enmity. This connection has strengthened dramatically in recent millennia, as part of the evolution of complex societies, and is important to understanding cooperation and conflict in today’s world.

 гипотеза побочного продукта укрепляющие доверие демонстрации культурная трансмиссия кооперация конкурентная борьба верховные божества мини- мально контринтуитивные концепции мораль религия подъем цивилизации by-product hypothesis credibility enhancing displays cultural transmission cooperation group competition high gods minimally counterintuitive morality religion rise of civilization

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