В статье представлены исследования морфофункциональных показателей 15 военнослужащих с ампутацией голени одной из нижних конечностей, полученных в результате минно-взрывных ранений. На этапах после оперативного лечения и периода физической реабилитации фиксировали антропометрические и кардиореспираторные параметры. Реабилитационные мероприятия были направлены на развитие мышечно-суставного чувства, подвижности в суставах ампутированной конечности, укрепление разгибателей коленного сустава, силы и выносливости мышц культи. Было отмечено положительное влияние занятий лечебной физической культурой на проявление весовых характеристик, показателей дыхательной системы, сократительной функции миокарда, развитие устойчивого гемодинамического уровня на фоне оптимизации артериального давления и стабильности периферического сопротивления сосудов. Информация об изменениях морфофункциональных показателей определяет реабилитационные стратегии, направленные на восстановление двигательных возможностей и компенсации утраченных функций военнослужащих с ампутацией нижних конечностей на этапе подготовки к протезированию.
The article presents studies of morphofunctional indicators of 15 military men 34,9±2,1 years old with amputation of the lower leg of one of the lower extremities, obtained as a result of mine-explosive wounds. Studies were carried out after surgical treatment before discharge from the hospital and a course of physical rehabilitation at the stage of preparation for prosthetics in the conditions of spa treatment. Rehabilitation measures were aimed at developing muscle-joint feeling, mobility in the joints of the amputated limb, strengthening the extensors of the knee joint, strength and endurance of the muscles of the stump. At the stages after surgical treatment and the period of physical rehabilitation, anthropometric and cardiorespiratory parameters were recorded. After rehabilitation measures, the body mass index corresponding to the norm was found in 40 % of military personnel, and the number of overweight men increased to 60 %. The results of studies of the cardiorespiratory system revealed compliance with the normative values of heart rate, systolic and minute blood volume in military personnel at both stages of research. After physical rehabilitation, a statistically significant decrease in respiratory rate by 11 %, heart rate by 12 % and an increase in stroke volume by 9 % were found. Naturally, there were no changes in the minute blood volume. A satisfactory result of the capabilities of the heart muscle and arterial system factors showed a decrease in systolic blood pressure parameters by 5 %, and diastolic by 9 %, average dynamic by 7 %. Increased cardiac activity in some of the subjects contributed to the development of a compensatory reaction at the level of peripheral vessels, manifested in a decrease in vascular resistance. Thus, the physical rehabilitation of disabled servicemen who underwent lower limb amputations contributed to unidirectional changes in morphofunctional indicators. Motor load contributed to the strengthening of weakened muscle groups and unidirectional positive adaptive rearrangements of regulatory mechanisms from the circulatory system. Information on changes in morphofunctional indicators allows determining rehabilitation strategies aimed at restoring motor capabilities and compensating for lost functions of military personnel with lower limb amputation at the stage of preparation for prosthetics.