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 <front>
  <journal-meta>
   <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Ekosistemy</journal-id>
   <journal-title-group>
    <journal-title xml:lang="en">Ekosistemy</journal-title>
    <trans-title-group xml:lang="ru">
     <trans-title>ЭКОСИСТЕМЫ</trans-title>
    </trans-title-group>
   </journal-title-group>
   <issn publication-format="print">2414-4738</issn>
  </journal-meta>
  <article-meta>
   <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">92616</article-id>
   <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.29039/2413-1733-2024-39-155-166</article-id>
   <article-categories>
    <subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru">
     <subject>Общая рубрика</subject>
    </subj-group>
    <subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en">
     <subject>General heading</subject>
    </subj-group>
    <subj-group>
     <subject>Общая рубрика</subject>
    </subj-group>
   </article-categories>
   <title-group>
    <article-title xml:lang="en">NESTING OF THE RESIN BEE MEGACHILE (CALLOMEGACHILE) SCULPTURALIS SMITH, 1853 (HYMENOPTERA, APOIDEA, MEGACHILIDAE) IN FABRE HIVES. CHOISE OF A CAVITY FOR THE NEST</article-title>
    <trans-title-group xml:lang="ru">
     <trans-title>ГНЕЗДОВАНИЕ СМОЛЯНОЙ ПЧЕЛЫ MEGACHILE (CALLOMEGACHILE) SCULPTURALIS SMITH, 1853 (HYMENOPTERA, APOIDEA, MEGACHILIDAE) В УЛЬЯХ ФАБРА. ВЫБОР ПОЛОСТИ ДЛЯ ГНЕЗДА</trans-title>
    </trans-title-group>
   </title-group>
   <contrib-group content-type="authors">
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Иванов</surname>
       <given-names>С. П.</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Ivanov</surname>
       <given-names>S. P.</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/>
    </contrib>
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Пивоваренко</surname>
       <given-names>Н. А.</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Pivovarenko</surname>
       <given-names>N. A.</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/>
    </contrib>
   </contrib-group>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-1">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Крымский федеральный университет имени В. И. Вернадского</institution>
     <country>Россия</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">Крымский федеральный университет имени В. И. Вернадского</institution>
     <country>Russian Federation</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-2">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Малая академия наук Крыма «Искатель»</institution>
     <country>Россия</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">Малая академия наук Крыма «Искатель»</institution>
     <country>Russian Federation</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <pub-date publication-format="print" date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2024-12-24T15:43:13+03:00">
    <day>24</day>
    <month>12</month>
    <year>2024</year>
   </pub-date>
   <pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2024-12-24T15:43:13+03:00">
    <day>24</day>
    <month>12</month>
    <year>2024</year>
   </pub-date>
   <issue>39</issue>
   <fpage>155</fpage>
   <lpage>166</lpage>
   <history>
    <date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2024-12-24T00:00:00+03:00">
     <day>24</day>
     <month>12</month>
     <year>2024</year>
    </date>
   </history>
   <self-uri xlink:href="https://ekosystems.cfuv.ru/&#x433;&#x438;&#x433;&#x430;&#x43D;&#x442;&#x441;&#x43A;&#x430;&#x44F;-&#x441;&#x43C;&#x43E;&#x43B;&#x44F;&#x43D;&#x430;&#x44F;-&#x43F;&#x447;&#x435;&#x43B;&#x430;-megachile-callomegachile-sculpturalis-smith-1853-hymeno/">https://ekosystems.cfuv.ru/гигантская-смоляная-пчела-megachile-callomegachile-sculpturalis-smith-1853-hymeno/</self-uri>
   <abstract xml:lang="ru">
    <p>Приводятся  результаты  экспериментального  изучения  поведения  смоляной  пчелы  Megachile  sculpturalis Smith, 1853 при заселении ульев Фабра. В составе улья пчелам предлагали для заселения отрезки тростниковых стеблей (Phragmites australis) в виде трубок, открытых с одной стороны и закрытых с другой. Трубки связывали в пучки и закрепляли на передней стенке улья или по ее бокам. Кроме того, на лицевой стенке улья закрепляли одиночные трубки на разном расстоянии друг от друга. Самки пчел предпочитали заселять трубки, расположенные на передней стенке улья одиночно на расстоянии 2,5 и 4,5 см друг от друга (49,5 % и 40,7 % заселенных трубок, соответственно). Трубки, связанные в пучки, заселялись менее охотно. Трубки в пучках, вставленных в переднюю стенку улья, заселялись охотнее (32,0 % заселенных трубок), чем трубки в пучках, расположенных по бокам улья (12,8 % заселенных трубок). Пучки, собранные из трубок с прямым срезом переднего края, заселялись чаще в 2,3 раза чем пучки, собранные из трубок с косым срезом переднего края. Трубки крайнего внешнего ряда пучка трубок заселялись чаще, чем трубки, расположенные во втором ряду или в центре пучка трубок. Процент заселения трубок первого ряда составил 16,5 %, второго ряда – 13,5 %, а трубок, расположенных в центре пучка, – 7, 7 %. Более &#13;
низкая плотность заселении трубок в отдельных вариантах опыта объясняются тем, что в этих вариантах у самок пчел возникали трудности с запоминанием месторасположения выбранной ею для заселения трубки. Самки пчел заселяли трубки разного диаметра в диапазоне от 7 до 16 мм, без предпочтения трубок каких-либо диаметров. Длина заселенных трубок варьировала от 7 до 35 см. Предпочтение трубкам в каком-либо диапазоне по длине так же не выявлено. Отсутствие у самок M. sculpturalis навыков по оценке линейных параметров полости для гнезда объясняется их утерей из-за перехода к квартиранству – заселению гнезд других видов пчел. Это предположение подтверждается известной склонностью  M. sculpturalis к заселению гнездовых каналов брошенных гнезд пчел Xylocopa,  в  том  числе  и  в  Крыму.  Трубки,  имеющие  вогнутое  дно,  заселялись  в  2,7  раза  чаще,  чем  трубки  с неровным  и  выпуклым  дном.  Эта  особенность  гнездования  M. sculpturalis  так  же  трактуется,  как  следствие перехода к квартиранству.</p>
   </abstract>
   <trans-abstract xml:lang="en">
    <p>The article presents the results of an experimental study of the behavior of the resin bee Megachile sculpturalis Smith, 1853 inhabiting Fabre hives. The hives provided to the bees for colonization were made of segments of reed stalks (Phragmites australis) in the form of tubes, open on one side and closed on the other. The tubes were tied into bundles and inserted into the front wall of the hive or fixed to its sides. In addition, separate tubes were inserted into the front wall of the hive at different distances from each other. Female bees preferred to colonize tubes located on the front wall of the hive separately at a distance of 2.5 and 4.5 cm from each other (49.5 % and 40.7 % of colonized tubes, respectively). Tubes tied into bundles were colonized less willingly. Bundles located on the front wall of the hive were colonized more readily (32.0 % of the colonized tubes in bundles) than bundles located on the sides of the hive (12.8 % of the colonized tubes in bundles). Bunches assembled from tubes with a straight cut of the front edge were populated 2.3 times more often than bundles assembled from tubes with an oblique cut of the front edge. Tubes of the outermost row of a bundle of tubes were populated more often than tubes located in the second row or in the center of the bundle of tubes. The percentage of colonization of tubes in the first row was 16.5 %, in the second row – 13.5 %, and of tubes located in the center of the bundle – 7.7 %. The lower density of tube colonization in certain variants of the experiment is explained by the fact that in these variants the female bees had difficulties remembering the location of the tube they had chosen for colonization. The female bees populated tubes of different diameters in the range from 7 to 16 mm, without a preference for tubes of any diameter. The length of the populated tubes varied from 7 to 35 cm. A preference for tubes in any range of length was also not revealed. The lack of skills in assessing the linear parameters of the cavity for the nest in females of M. sculpturalis is explained by their loss due to the transition to a tenantry – a settlement of nests of other bee species. This assumption is confirmed by the known tendency of M. sculpturalis to populate holes of abandoned nests of Xylocopa bees, including in the Crimea. Tubes with a smooth concave bottom were populated 2.7 times more often than tubes with an uneven and convex bottom. This feature of nesting of M. sculpturalis is also interpreted as a consequence of the transition to a tenantry.</p>
   </trans-abstract>
   <kwd-group xml:lang="ru">
    <kwd>Megachile sculpturalis</kwd>
    <kwd>гнездование</kwd>
    <kwd>выбор полости для гнезда</kwd>
    <kwd>улей Фабра</kwd>
   </kwd-group>
   <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
    <kwd>Megachile sculpturalis</kwd>
    <kwd>nesting</kwd>
    <kwd>choice of a cavity for the nest</kwd>
    <kwd>Fabre hive</kwd>
   </kwd-group>
  </article-meta>
 </front>
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  <p></p>
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