<!DOCTYPE article
PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.4 20190208//EN"
       "JATS-journalpublishing1.dtd">
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.4" xml:lang="en">
 <front>
  <journal-meta>
   <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Tavricheskiy Mediko-Biologicheskiy Vestnik</journal-id>
   <journal-title-group>
    <journal-title xml:lang="en">Tavricheskiy Mediko-Biologicheskiy Vestnik</journal-title>
    <trans-title-group xml:lang="ru">
     <trans-title>Таврический медико-биологический вестник</trans-title>
    </trans-title-group>
   </journal-title-group>
   <issn publication-format="print">2070-8092</issn>
  </journal-meta>
  <article-meta>
   <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">53531</article-id>
   <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.29039/2070-8092-2020-23-1-133-139</article-id>
   <article-categories>
    <subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru">
     <subject>Обзоры</subject>
    </subj-group>
    <subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en">
     <subject>Reviews</subject>
    </subj-group>
    <subj-group>
     <subject>Обзоры</subject>
    </subj-group>
   </article-categories>
   <title-group>
    <article-title xml:lang="en">ROLE OF CYTOKINES IN BONE TISSUE REMODELING IN NORM AND PATHOLOGY</article-title>
    <trans-title-group xml:lang="ru">
     <trans-title>РОЛЬ ЦИТОКИНОВ В РЕМОДЕЛИРОВАНИИ КОСТНОЙ ТКАНИ В НОРМЕ И ПАТОЛОГИИ</trans-title>
    </trans-title-group>
   </title-group>
   <contrib-group content-type="authors">
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Игнатенко</surname>
       <given-names>Г. А.</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Ignatenko</surname>
       <given-names>G. A.</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/>
    </contrib>
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Майлян</surname>
       <given-names>Э. А.</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Maylyan</surname>
       <given-names>E. A.</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/>
    </contrib>
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Немсадзе</surname>
       <given-names>И. Г.</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Nemsadze</surname>
       <given-names>I. G.</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/>
    </contrib>
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Румянцева</surname>
       <given-names>З. С.</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Rumyantceva</surname>
       <given-names>Z. S.</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/>
    </contrib>
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Чурилов</surname>
       <given-names>А. В.</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Churilov</surname>
       <given-names>A. V.</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/>
    </contrib>
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Глазков</surname>
       <given-names>И. С.</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Glazkov</surname>
       <given-names>I. S.</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/>
    </contrib>
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Мирович</surname>
       <given-names>Е. Д.</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Mirovich</surname>
       <given-names>E. D.</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/>
    </contrib>
   </contrib-group>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-1">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Донецкий национальный медицинский университет им. М. Горького</institution>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">Donetsk National Medical University of Maxim Gorky</institution>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-2">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Крымский Федеральный Университет им. В.И. Вернадского</institution>
     <country>RU</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">V.I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University</institution>
     <country>RU</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-3">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Симферопольский КРД №2</institution>
     <country>Россия</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">Симферопольский КРД №2</institution>
     <country>Russian Federation</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <pub-date publication-format="print" date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2022-10-18T11:40:22+03:00">
    <day>18</day>
    <month>10</month>
    <year>2022</year>
   </pub-date>
   <pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2022-10-18T11:40:22+03:00">
    <day>18</day>
    <month>10</month>
    <year>2022</year>
   </pub-date>
   <volume>23</volume>
   <issue>1</issue>
   <fpage>133</fpage>
   <lpage>139</lpage>
   <history>
    <date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2022-10-17T00:00:00+03:00">
     <day>17</day>
     <month>10</month>
     <year>2022</year>
    </date>
   </history>
   <self-uri xlink:href="https://ma.cfuv.ru/site/page/show/docid/260805">https://ma.cfuv.ru/site/page/show/docid/260805</self-uri>
   <abstract xml:lang="ru">
    <p>Существенные  успехи  последних  лет  в  изучении  физиологических  и  патофизиологических закономерностей  костного  ремоделирования  позволили  выделить  важную  роль  иммунных  факторов  в патологии  костной  ткани  и  существенно  пересмотреть  наши  представления  о  механизмах  развития постменопаузального остеопороза. Благодаря достижениям остеоиммунологии и исходя из доказательств ключевой роли  иммунных  механизмов  в  нарушениях  ремоделирования  костной  ткани,  остеопороз  стали  называть хроническим  иммуноопосредованным  заболеванием.  При  этом  вместо  термина  «Остеопороз»  обоснованно начали использовать термин «Иммунопороз». &#13;
Кость  постоянно  находится  в  состоянии  непрерывного  обновления  (ремоделирования),  которое сбалансировано  процессами  ее  образования  и  резорбции  и  достигается  с  помощью  согласованного функционирования трех основных типов костных клеток. В физиологических условиях постоянное и активное взаимодействие  между  остеоцитами,  остеобластами  и  остеокластами  обеспечивается  благодаря  секреции  ими таких  цитокинов  как  RANKL,  остеопротегерин,  макрофагальный  колониестимулирующий  фактор,  фактор  роста эндотелия  сосудов  и  т.д.  При  этом  в  значительной  степени  регуляция  ремоделирования  костной  ткани  в  норме ограничивается системой «Остеоцит-Остеобласт-Остеокласт». &#13;
При патологических изменениях иммунной реактивности, причинами которых могут быть дефицит эстрогенов, витамина  D,  кальция,  воспалительные  заболевания  и  т.д.,  происходит  активация  различных  типов иммунокомпетентных  клеток.  Это  сопровождается  повышенной  продукцией  лейкоцитарными  клетками цитокина  RANKL,  который  потенцирует  процессы  созревания  и  дифференцировки  остеокластов,  увеличение  их активности. Помимо секреции RANKL активированные лейкоциты, в том числе Т лимфоциты,  усиливают продукцию и других  остеокластогенных  цитокинов.  Таким  провоспалительным  цитокинам  как  IL-1,  IL-6,  IL-17,  TNF,  TGF-β отводят  решающую  роль  как  основных  медиаторов  ускоренной  потери  костной  массы  у  женщин  в постменопаузе.</p>
   </abstract>
   <trans-abstract xml:lang="en">
    <p>Significant successes in the study of physiological and pathophysiological patterns of bone remodeling in recent years have highlighted immune factors important role in bone tissue pathology and significantly revised our ideas about postmenopausal osteoporosis development mechanisms. Advanced osteoimmunology and evidence of immune mechanisms key role in bone remodeling disorders gave us possibility for identification of osteoporosis as chronic immune-mediated disease. Moreover, instead of the term “Osteoporosis”, the term “Immunoporosis” was reasonably used.&#13;
Bone tissue is constantly in state of continuous renewal (remodeling), which is balanced by formation and resorption processes and is achieved through the coordinated functioning of the three main bone cells types. Constant and active interaction between osteocytes, osteoblasts and osteoclasts is ensured by cytokines (RANKL, osteoprotegerin, macrophage colony-stimulating factor, vascular endothelial growth factor, etc) secretion. Moreover, predominantly, bone remodeling regulation is limited by Osteocyte-Osteoblast-Osteoclast system.&#13;
With pathological changes in immune reactivity, which may be caused by deficiency of estrogen, vitamin D, calcium, inflammatory diseases, etc., various types of immunocompetent cells are activated. This is accompanied with increased RANKL production by leukocyte cells, which potentiates processes of maturation, differentiation of osteoclasts, and increase in their activity. In addition to RANKL secretion, activated leukocytes, including T lymphocytes, enhance other osteoclastogenic cytokines production. IL-1, IL-6, IL-17, TNF and TGF-β are main mediators of accelerated bone loss in postmenopausal women.</p>
   </trans-abstract>
   <kwd-group xml:lang="ru">
    <kwd>цитокины</kwd>
    <kwd>костная ткань</kwd>
    <kwd>ремоделирование</kwd>
    <kwd>остеопороз</kwd>
    <kwd>постменопауза</kwd>
   </kwd-group>
   <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
    <kwd>cytokines</kwd>
    <kwd>bone</kwd>
    <kwd>remodeling</kwd>
    <kwd>osteoporosis</kwd>
    <kwd>postmenopause</kwd>
   </kwd-group>
  </article-meta>
 </front>
 <body>
  <p></p>
 </body>
 <back>
  <ref-list>
   <ref id="B1">
    <label>1.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Horton J. E., Raisz L. G., Simmons H. A., Oppenheim J. J., Mergenhagen S. E. Bone resorbing activity in supernatant fluid from cultured human peripheral blood leukocytes. Science. 1972;177:793-5. doi:10.1126/science.177.4051.793</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Horton J. E., Raisz L. G., Simmons H. A., Oppenheim J. J., Mergenhagen S. E. Bone resorbing activity in supernatant fluid from cultured human peripheral blood leukocytes. Science. 1972;177:793-5. doi:10.1126/science.177.4051.793</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B2">
    <label>2.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Arron J. R., Choi Y. Bone versus immune system. Nature. 2000;408:535-6. doi: 10.1038/35046196</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Arron J. R., Choi Y. Bone versus immune system. Nature. 2000;408:535-6. doi: 10.1038/35046196</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B3">
    <label>3.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ralston S. H., Schett G. Osteoimmunology. Calcif Tissue Int. 2018;102(5):501-2. doi: 10.1007/ s00223-018-0421-5.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ralston S. H., Schett G. Osteoimmunology. Calcif Tissue Int. 2018;102(5):501-2. doi: 10.1007/ s00223-018-0421-5.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B4">
    <label>4.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ginaldi L., De Martinis M. Osteoimmunology and Beyond. Curr. Med. Chem. 2016;23(33):3754-74.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ginaldi L., De Martinis M. Osteoimmunology and Beyond. Curr. Med. Chem. 2016;23(33):3754-74.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B5">
    <label>5.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Liu H., Luo T., Tan J., Li M., Guo J. Osteoimmunology’ Offers New Perspectives for the Treatment of Pathological Bone Loss. Curr Pharm Des. 2017;23(41):6272-8. doi: 10.2174/13816128236661705 11124459.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Liu H., Luo T., Tan J., Li M., Guo J. Osteoimmunology’ Offers New Perspectives for the Treatment of Pathological Bone Loss. Curr Pharm Des. 2017;23(41):6272-8. doi: 10.2174/13816128236661705 11124459.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B6">
    <label>6.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Srivastava R. K., Dar H. Y., Mishra P. K. Immunoporosis: Immunology of Osteoporosis-Role of T Cells. Front Immunol. 2018;9:657. doi:10.3389/ fimmu.2018.00657.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Srivastava R. K., Dar H. Y., Mishra P. K. Immunoporosis: Immunology of Osteoporosis-Role of T Cells. Front Immunol. 2018;9:657. doi:10.3389/ fimmu.2018.00657.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B7">
    <label>7.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Walsh M. C., Takegahara N., Kim H., Choi Y. Updating osteoimmunology: regulation of bone cells by innate and adaptive immunity. Nat Rev Rheumatol. 2018;14(3):146-56. doi: 10.1038/nrrheum.2017.213.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Walsh M. C., Takegahara N., Kim H., Choi Y. Updating osteoimmunology: regulation of bone cells by innate and adaptive immunity. Nat Rev Rheumatol. 2018;14(3):146-56. doi: 10.1038/nrrheum.2017.213.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B8">
    <label>8.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Povoroznyuk V. V., Reznichenko N. A., Maylyan E. A. Immunological aspects of postmenopausal osteoporosis. Pain. Joints. Spine. 2013;(3):21-6. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Povoroznyuk V. V., Reznichenko N. A., Maylyan E. A. Immunological aspects of postmenopausal osteoporosis. Pain. Joints. Spine. 2013;(3):21-6. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B9">
    <label>9.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Geusens P., Lems W. F. Osteoimmunology and osteoporosis. Arthritis Res. Ther. 2011;13(5):242.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Geusens P., Lems W. F. Osteoimmunology and osteoporosis. Arthritis Res. Ther. 2011;13(5):242.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B10">
    <label>10.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Asada N., Sato M., Katayama Y. Communication of bone cells with hematopoiesis, immunity and energy metabolism. Bonekey Rep. 2015;(4):748. doi: 10.1038/ bonekey.2015.117.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Asada N., Sato M., Katayama Y. Communication of bone cells with hematopoiesis, immunity and energy metabolism. Bonekey Rep. 2015;(4):748. doi: 10.1038/ bonekey.2015.117.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B11">
    <label>11.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Michalski M. N., McCauley L. K. Macrophages and skeletal health. Pharmacol Ther. 2017;174:43-54. doi: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2017.02.017.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Michalski M. N., McCauley L. K. Macrophages and skeletal health. Pharmacol Ther. 2017;174:43-54. doi: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2017.02.017.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B12">
    <label>12.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ono T., Nakashima T. Recent advances in osteoclast biology. Histochem Cell Biol. 2018;149(4):325-41. doi: 10.1007/s00418-018-1636-2.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ono T., Nakashima T. Recent advances in osteoclast biology. Histochem Cell Biol. 2018;149(4):325-41. doi: 10.1007/s00418-018-1636-2.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B13">
    <label>13.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Han Y., You X., Xing W., Zhang Z., Zou W. Paracrine and endocrine actions of bone-the functions of secretory proteins from osteoblasts, osteocytes, and osteoclasts. Bone Res. 2018;(6):16. doi: 10.1038/ s41413-018-0019-6.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Han Y., You X., Xing W., Zhang Z., Zou W. Paracrine and endocrine actions of bone-the functions of secretory proteins from osteoblasts, osteocytes, and osteoclasts. Bone Res. 2018;(6):16. doi: 10.1038/ s41413-018-0019-6.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B14">
    <label>14.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Phetfong J., Sanvoranart T., Nartprayut K., Nimsanor N., Seenprachawong K., Prachayasittikul V., Supokawej A. Osteoporosis: the current status of mesenchymal stem cell-based therapy. Cell Mol Biol Lett. 2016;21:12. doi: 10.1186/s11658-016-0013-1.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Phetfong J., Sanvoranart T., Nartprayut K., Nimsanor N., Seenprachawong K., Prachayasittikul V., Supokawej A. Osteoporosis: the current status of mesenchymal stem cell-based therapy. Cell Mol Biol Lett. 2016;21:12. doi: 10.1186/s11658-016-0013-1.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B15">
    <label>15.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Maylyan E. A. The multifactorial nature of the osteoporosis etiopathogenesis and the role of the canonical WNT-signaling pathway genes. Osteoporosis and osteopathy. 2015;(2):15-9. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Maylyan E. A. The multifactorial nature of the osteoporosis etiopathogenesis and the role of the canonical WNT-signaling pathway genes. Osteoporosis and osteopathy. 2015;(2):15-9. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B16">
    <label>16.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Boudin E., Van Hul W. Mechanisms in endocrinology: Genetics of human bone formation. Eur J Endocrinol. 2017;177(2):69-83. doi: 10.1530/ EJE-16-0990.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Boudin E., Van Hul W. Mechanisms in endocrinology: Genetics of human bone formation. Eur J Endocrinol. 2017;177(2):69-83. doi: 10.1530/ EJE-16-0990.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B17">
    <label>17.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Park-Min K. H. Mechanisms involved in normal and pathological osteoclastogenesis. Cell Mol Life Sci. 2018;75(14):2519-28. doi: 10.1007/s00018- 018-2817-9.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Park-Min K. H. Mechanisms involved in normal and pathological osteoclastogenesis. Cell Mol Life Sci. 2018;75(14):2519-28. doi: 10.1007/s00018- 018-2817-9.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B18">
    <label>18.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Boyce B. F., Xiu Y., Li J., Xing L., Yao Z. NF-κB- Mediated Regulation of Osteoclastogenesis. Endocrinol Metab (Seoul). 2015;30(1):35-44. doi: 10.3803/ EnM.2015.30.1.35.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Boyce B. F., Xiu Y., Li J., Xing L., Yao Z. NF-κB- Mediated Regulation of Osteoclastogenesis. Endocrinol Metab (Seoul). 2015;30(1):35-44. doi: 10.3803/ EnM.2015.30.1.35.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B19">
    <label>19.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Maylyan E. A. Modern ideas about the etiology and pathogenesis of postmenopausal osteoporosis. The Problems of Osteology. 2015;18(2):3-11. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Maylyan E. A. Modern ideas about the etiology and pathogenesis of postmenopausal osteoporosis. The Problems of Osteology. 2015;18(2):3-11. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B20">
    <label>20.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jung S. M., Kim K. W., Yang C. W., Park S. H., Ju J. H. Cytokine-mediated bone destruction in rheumatoid arthritis. J Immunol Res. 2014;2014:263625. doi: 10.1155/2014/263625.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Jung S. M., Kim K. W., Yang C. W., Park S. H., Ju J. H. Cytokine-mediated bone destruction in rheumatoid arthritis. J Immunol Res. 2014;2014:263625. doi: 10.1155/2014/263625.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B21">
    <label>21.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nagy V., Penninger J.M. The RANKL- RANK Story. Gerontology. 2015;61(6):534-42. doi:10.1159/000371845.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nagy V., Penninger J.M. The RANKL- RANK Story. Gerontology. 2015;61(6):534-42. doi:10.1159/000371845.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B22">
    <label>22.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dar H. Y., Azam Z., Anupam R., Mondal R.K., Srivastava R.K. Osteoimmunology: The Nexus between bone and immune system. Front Biosci (Landmark Ed). 2018;23:464-92.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dar H. Y., Azam Z., Anupam R., Mondal R.K., Srivastava R.K. Osteoimmunology: The Nexus between bone and immune system. Front Biosci (Landmark Ed). 2018;23:464-92.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B23">
    <label>23.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Guder C., Gravius S., Burger C., Wirtz D. C., Schildberg F. A. Osteoimmunology: A Current Update of the Interplay Between Bone and the Immune System. Front Immunol. 2020;11:58. doi: 10.3389/ fimmu.2020.00058</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Guder C., Gravius S., Burger C., Wirtz D. C., Schildberg F. A. Osteoimmunology: A Current Update of the Interplay Between Bone and the Immune System. Front Immunol. 2020;11:58. doi: 10.3389/ fimmu.2020.00058</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
  </ref-list>
 </back>
</article>
