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 <front>
  <journal-meta>
   <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Materials in Archaeology, History and Ethnography of Tauria</journal-id>
   <journal-title-group>
    <journal-title xml:lang="en">Materials in Archaeology, History and Ethnography of Tauria</journal-title>
    <trans-title-group xml:lang="ru">
     <trans-title>Материалы по археологии, истории и этнографии Таврии</trans-title>
    </trans-title-group>
   </journal-title-group>
   <issn publication-format="print">2413-189X</issn>
  </journal-meta>
  <article-meta>
   <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">55767</article-id>
   <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.29039/2413-189X.2022.27.72-116</article-id>
   <article-categories>
    <subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru">
     <subject>АРХЕОЛОГИЯ</subject>
    </subj-group>
    <subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en">
     <subject>ARCHAEOLOGY</subject>
    </subj-group>
    <subj-group>
     <subject>АРХЕОЛОГИЯ</subject>
    </subj-group>
   </article-categories>
   <title-group>
    <article-title xml:lang="en">Glass from the Cemetery of Frontovoe 3 in the South-Western Crimea: The Chronology, Distribution Dynamics, and Production Centres (According to the Chemical Composition)</article-title>
    <trans-title-group xml:lang="ru">
     <trans-title>Стекло могильника Фронтовое 3 в Юго-Западном Крыму: хронология, динамика распространения и производственные центры (по данным химического состава)</trans-title>
    </trans-title-group>
   </title-group>
   <contrib-group content-type="authors">
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Румянцева</surname>
       <given-names>О. С.</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Rumyantseva</surname>
       <given-names>Olga S.</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/>
    </contrib>
   </contrib-group>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-1">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Институт археологии Российской академии наук</institution>
     <country>Россия</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">Институт археологии Российской академии наук</institution>
     <country>Russian Federation</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <pub-date publication-format="print" date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2023-02-21T11:46:26+03:00">
    <day>21</day>
    <month>02</month>
    <year>2023</year>
   </pub-date>
   <pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2023-02-21T11:46:26+03:00">
    <day>21</day>
    <month>02</month>
    <year>2023</year>
   </pub-date>
   <fpage>72</fpage>
   <lpage>116</lpage>
   <history>
    <date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2022-12-15T00:00:00+03:00">
     <day>15</day>
     <month>12</month>
     <year>2022</year>
    </date>
   </history>
   <self-uri xlink:href="https://maiet.cfuv.ru/steklo-mogilnika-frontovoe-3-v-yugo-zapadnom-krymu-xronologiya-dinamika-rasprostraneniya-i-proizvodstvennye-centry-po-dannym-ximicheskogo-sostava/">https://maiet.cfuv.ru/steklo-mogilnika-frontovoe-3-v-yugo-zapadnom-krymu-xronologiya-dinamika-rasprostraneniya-i-proizvodstvennye-centry-po-dannym-ximicheskogo-sostava/</self-uri>
   <abstract xml:lang="ru">
    <p>Химический  состав  стекла  сосудов  могильника  Фронтовое  3  изучен  методом СЭМ-ЭДС. Могильник конца I – начала V в., обнаруженный в Юго-Западном Крыму (около Севастополя), полностью раскопан в 2018 г. Данные о составе 144 образцов стекла (бесцветного, естественно окрашенного или фиолетового прозрачного) позволили установить, что все обнаруженное здесь стекло является продукцией сиро-палестинских и египетских стекловаренных центров, и египетское стекло преобладает на всех этапах существования могильника. Ритмы и хронология распространения групп, выделенных на основании химического состава, несколько отличаются от тех, что известны по материалам Средиземноморья и европейских провинций Римской империи. Выделенные во Фронтовом группы были продатированы на основании хронологических индикаторов, происходящих из захоронений с сосудами. В ранней части могильника выявлены следующие группы стекла: «римское» зелено-голубое (группа 1, конец I – II в. (преимущественно первая половина столетия)); «римское» бесцветное (группа 2, II – середина III в.); стекло, обесцвеченное сурьмой (группа 3, II–III вв.); стекло «смешанного» состава с марганцем и сурьмой (группа 4, II–III вв.). Бесцветное, близкое левантийской Iгруппе стекло (группа 5, середина III в. (или чуть ранее) – середина IV в.) концентрируется в «переходной» зоне памятника. Смена производственных центров, поставлявших стекло-сырец в европейские мастерские Римской империи, происходящая повсеместно в IV в., хорошо фиксируется и на материалах Фронтового. В поздней части могильника встречено стекло, близкое по составу сериям Foy-3.2, Foy 2.1 и HIMT (группы 6–8), при этом группа HIMT крайне малочисленна. Они распространяются в IV в. (возможно, исключая начало столетия) и существуют до финала могильника. Им синхронна группа стекла предположительного «смешанного» состава (группа 9), вероятно, результат активного вторичного использования в производстве стеклобоя. Ассортимент форм из стекла группы 4 и их «серийная» встречаемость среди материалов могильника позволяет предполагать активное использование в местном (предположительно, херсонесском) производстве стекла «смешанного» состава с марганцем и сурьмой (свидетельства активного использования стеклобоя) уже на раннем этапе существования могильника. Позже сюда, вероятно, поступало стекло-сырец левантийского (группа 5) и египетского (группы 6, 7) производства. На позднем этапе доля стекла вторичного использования также была, вероятно, высока, хотя это хуже фиксируется ввиду ограничений использованного метода анализа.</p>
   </abstract>
   <trans-abstract xml:lang="en">
    <p>The chemical composition of vessel glass from the cemetery of Frontovoe 3 has been studied with SEM-EDS technique. This cemetery, located on the outskirts of Sevastopol (south-western Crimea) and dated from the late first to the early fifth century AD, was completely investigated during the excavation campaign of 2018. The dataset containing 144 samples of colourless, naturally coloured, and purple glass allows for a conclusion that all the glass found at Frontovoe 3 comes from the Egyptian and Levantine glassmaking centres, and the Egyptian glass predominates at all stages of the cemetery. Nevertheless, the chronology of the groups of glass, singled out according to the chemical composition, sometimes differs from their time of distribution in the European provinces of the Roman Empire and the Mediterranean area. In this study the groups have been dated according to the archaeological context (i. e. considering the chronology of the burials with the glass vessels). In the early part of the cemetery four groups have been singled out: Roman blue-green (group 1, late first and second (mostly its first half) centuries); Roman colourless (group 2, second to the mid-third centuries); glass decoloured with antimony (group 3, second and third centuries); “mixed” Sb-Mn glass (group 4, second and third centuries). The colourless glass close to the Levantine I group by composition (group 5, from the mid-third (or slightly earlier) to the mid-fourth century) concentrated in the “transition” zone of the cemetery. The changes in the raw glass supply to the south-western Crimea took place in the fourth, similarly to what happened in the European provinces of the Roman Empire. In the late area of Frontovoe 3, there are glass finds showing the composition close to the series Foy-3.2, Foy 2.1, and HIMT group (groups 6-8), with very few pieces of the HIMT glass. These groups become widespread in the fourth century (possibly, excluding its early period) and existed to the abandonment of the site. The group 9, likely of the “mixed” composition due to the extensive glass recycling, dates from the same period. The selection of forms made of glass of group 4 and their serial occurrence in the burials of Frontovoe 3 implies the extensive use of recycled Mn-Sb glass in the local production (in Chersonese?) from the period synchronous to the early stage of the cemetery. Later on, raw glass of the Levantine (group 5) and Egyptian (groups 6, 7) origin was possibly supplied to Chersonese for the local glass working. In the latest period of the cemetery, the proportion of recycled glass was possibly high, although it is less evident due to the limitations of the SEM-EDS technique.</p>
   </trans-abstract>
   <kwd-group xml:lang="ru">
    <kwd>Юго-Западный Крым</kwd>
    <kwd>римское время</kwd>
    <kwd>химический состав стекла</kwd>
    <kwd>СЭМ- ЭДС</kwd>
    <kwd>римское стекло</kwd>
    <kwd>сурьма</kwd>
    <kwd>марганец</kwd>
    <kwd>Египет</kwd>
    <kwd>Сиро-палестинский регион</kwd>
    <kwd>Foy-3.2</kwd>
    <kwd>Foy-2.1</kwd>
    <kwd>HIMT</kwd>
   </kwd-group>
   <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
    <kwd>south-western Crimea</kwd>
    <kwd>Roman Period</kwd>
    <kwd>chemical composition of glass</kwd>
    <kwd>SEM-EDS technique</kwd>
    <kwd>Roman glass</kwd>
    <kwd>antimony</kwd>
    <kwd>manganese</kwd>
    <kwd>Egypt</kwd>
    <kwd>Levant</kwd>
    <kwd>Foy-3.2</kwd>
    <kwd>Foy-2.1</kwd>
    <kwd>HIMT</kwd>
   </kwd-group>
  </article-meta>
 </front>
 <body>
  <p></p>
 </body>
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