Materials in Archaeology, History and Ethnography of Tauria Materials in Archaeology, History and Ethnography of Tauria Материалы по археологии, истории и этнографии Таврии 2413-189X 55787 10.29039/2413-189X.2022.27.166-208 АРХЕОЛОГИЯ ARCHAEOLOGY АРХЕОЛОГИЯ Mangup-Doros in the Theme Period of Its History Мангуп-Дорос в фемный период истории Науменко В. Е. Naumenko Valerii E. Крымский Федеральный Университет им. В.И. Вернадского RU V.I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University RU 21 02 2023 21 02 2023 166 208 16 12 2022 https://maiet.cfuv.ru/mangup-doros-v-femnyj-period-istorii/

Современная концепция истории Мангупского городища середины IX – середины XI в., когда крепость входила в состав византийской фемы в Крыму, была сформулирована А. Г. Герценым еще в 1990 г. В статье рассматриваются полученные за последние годы новые материалы археологических исследований памятника, которые позволяют внести в нее существенные коррек- тивы. Приведенный в работе обзор археологических объектов и комплексов середины IX – середины XI в. на территории городища показывает, что на протяжении всего этого времени Мангуп-Дорос сохранял характер крупной, хорошо укрепленной византийской крепости, основная линия обороны которой проходила вдоль внешней кромки Мангупского плато. Очень важными являются впервые выявленные в ходе раскопок следы крупных ремонтов и реконструкций фортификационной системы крепости, датированные серединой IX в. и концом Х в. Это свидетельствует о том, что поддержание в боевом состоянии оборонительной системы городища являлось одной из главных задач, возложенных на византийских военачальников и размещенный здесь воинский контингент. Внутрикрепостное пространство делилось на две функциональные зоны – жилой и хозяйственной застройки (до 50% общей площади) и свободной от застройки территории, которая могла использоваться как убежище для населения округи. Раскопки открытых участков жилой застройки указывают на их рядовой характер.Базилика, как и прежде, выполняла роль топографического, идеологического и административного центра поселения. По крайней мере, следов отдельного укрепленного центра (цитадели), присущего многим городам и крепостям Византийской империи, начиная со средневизантийского периода ее истории, на Мангупе до сих пор не обнаружено. На протяжении всего фемного периода население городища продолжало заниматься скотоводством и земледелием, но специализированными отраслями постепенно становятся виноградарство и товарное виноделие, ориентированные на экспорт. Занятия виноделием находились под контролем византийской администрации, о чем свидетельствуют находки стационарных виноградодавилен внутри обжитой зоны крепости.

The modern reconstruction of the history of the fortified settlement atop Mangup mountain from the mid-ninth to the mid-eleventh century, when it was a part of the Byzantine theme in the Crimea, was developed by A. G. Gertsen in 1990. This article discusses the new materials obtained by recent years of archaeological research of the site which allow significant corrections to it. The review of archaeological objects and complexes from the mid-ninth to the mid-eleventh centuries uncovered in the ancient town shows that Mangup-Doros continued to be a large, well-fortified Byzantine fortress, with the main defensive line running along the outer edge of the Mangup plateau. Very important are the traces of big repairs and reconstructions of the fortification system discovered by excavations and dated from the mid-ninth and late tenth century. They indicate that maintaining the defensive system of the settlement was one of the main tasks assigned to the Byzantine commanders and the military contingent stationed there. The intra-fortress space was divided into two functional zones, residential and industrial buildings (up to 50% of the total area) and the unbuilt territory, which could be a refuge for the population of the neighbouring area. The excavations of residential areas indicate their ordinary character. As in the previous period, the basilica was topographic, ideological, and administrative centre of the settlement. Specifically, archaeological research has not discovered traces of the fortified centre (citadel) at Mangup, though such centre was typical of many towns and fortresses of the Byzantine Empire from the Middle Byzantine Period on. Throughout the Theme Period, the population of the town in question continued cattle-breeding and agriculture, with viticulture and commercial winemaking oriented to exportation gradually became specialized branches. The Byzantine administration controlled the winemaking, as evidenced by the finds of stationary winepresses in the habitable zone of the fortress.

 Крым Мангуп Дорос византийская фема турмарх топотерит Цула византийский город Crimea Mangup Doros Byzantine theme tourmarchos topoteretes Tsoulas Byzantine town

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