Materials in Archaeology, History and Ethnography of Tauria Materials in Archaeology, History and Ethnography of Tauria Материалы по археологии, истории и этнографии Таврии 2413-189X 55893 10.29039/2413-189X.2022.27.397-419 АРХЕОЛОГИЯ ARCHAEOLOGY АРХЕОЛОГИЯ Sphero-conical Vessels from the Golden Horde Period Excavated at Solkhat and the Sites in Its Immediate Vicinity Сфероконические сосуды золотоордынского времени из раскопок Солхата и ближайшей округи Сайдалиева Д. Э. Seidalieva Dzhemile E. Крымский Федеральный Университет им. В.И. Вернадского RU V.I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University RU 21 02 2023 21 02 2023 397 419 20 12 2022 https://maiet.cfuv.ru/Без-рубрики/sferokonicheskie-sosudy-zolotoordynskogo-vremeni-iz-raskopok-solxata-i-blizhajshej-okrugi/

При археологических исследованиях Крымского Улуса Золотой Орды среди множества находок в культурных слоях конца XIII – начала XV в. нередко встречаются сфероконические сосуды. Специальных работ, посвященных сфероконусам Солхатского городища и его ближайшей округи, до настоящего времени не публиковалось. В нашем исследовании предпринимается попытка представить ассортимент изделий из археологических исследований, которые проводились в период с 1978 по 2021 гг. В статье представлены материалы, хранящиеся в Государственном Эрмитаже, Старокрымском литературно-художественном музее и Крымскотатарском музее культурно-исторического наследия. На сегодняшний день нет сведений об изготовлении данных изделий на территории столицы крымского юрта Улуса Джучи. Находки сфероконусов встречаются практически на всех исследуемых памятниках Солхатского городища. Наиболее распространены красноглиняные и сероглиняные сосуды с «кольчужным» или «сотовым» орнаментом. На данном этапе исследования мы можем предполагать, что находки сфероконусов связаны с ремесленной деятельностью городища, при этом на территории ремесленного поселения Бокаташ II с 2001 по 2008 гг. не было обнаружено ни одного фрагмента сфероконуса. Большинство изделий сфероконических сосудов происходит с раскопа 46, который расположен в округе средневековой бани в Георгиевской балке, исследованного в 2017 г., что может косвенно указывать на использование этого вида сосудов в медицине или парфюмерии. Вероятней всего, в них перевозили дорогостоящие и быстро улетучивающиеся жидкости. Предпринята попытка систематизации, анализа и интерпретации данной категории находок. Всего приведено 50 находок, датируемых концом XIII – первой половиной XV в. Статья сопровождается каталогом с подробным описанием найденных изделий и таблицами иллюстраций.

Archaeological researches of the Crimean ulus of the Golden Horde discovered multitude of finds in the cultural layers from the late-thirteenth to the early fifteenth century, and particularly sphero-conical vessels. So far there existed no special studies addressing the sphero-conical vessels from Solkhat and its immediate vicinity. This article investigates the range of ware in question originating from 1978–2021archaeological researches. The materials in question reside in the State Hermitage Museum, Museum of Literature and Art of Staryi Krym, and the Crimean Tatar Museum of Cultural and Historical Heritage. At the moment, there is no information on the manufacture of this ware in the capital of the Crimean yurt of the Dzhuchi Ulus. The finds of sphero-conical vessels appeared at almost all the studied monuments in the fortified settlement of Solkhat. The most widespread are red-clay and grey-clay vessels decorated with “chain-mail” or “honeycomb” patterns. At this stage of the study, one can assume that the finds of sphero-conical vessels were related to the industries developed in the settlement. Moreover, the 2001 to 2008 archaeological research of the industrial settlement of Bokatash II did not uncover any fragment of sphero-conical vessel. The most part of sphero-conical vessels originate from excavation trench 46 located in the vicinity of the mediaeval bath in Georgievskaia ravine and researched in 2017. It could be indirect evidence that the vessels in question were transport containers for expensive and rapidly volatile liquids. An attempt has been made to systematize, analyse, and interpret this category of finds. The study addresses 50 finds total dated from the late thirteenth to the first half of the fifteenth centuries. The article includes the catalogue with detailed description of the ceramic finds and illustrations.

 Золотая Орда Крым Солхат керамика сфероконусы Golden Horde Crimea Solkhat pottery sphero-conical vessels

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