Materials in Archaeology, History and Ethnography of Tauria Materials in Archaeology, History and Ethnography of Tauria Материалы по археологии, истории и этнографии Таврии 2413-189X 55917 10.29039/2413-189X.2022.27.551-578 ИСТОРИЯ HISTORY ИСТОРИЯ The Eastern Roman Empire Policy in the South-Western Crimea from the Second Half of the Ninth to Twelfth Centuries Политика Восточной Римской империи в Юго-Западном Крыму во второй половине IX – XII в. Айбабин Александр Ильич Aybabin Aleksandr Il'ich

доктор исторических наук;

doctor of historical sciences;

 Крымский Федеральный Университет им. В.И. Вернадского RU V.I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University RU 21 02 2023 21 02 2023 551 578 21 12 2022 https://maiet.cfuv.ru/politika-vostochnoj-rimskoj-imperii-v-yugo-zapadnom-krymu-vo-vtoroj-polovine-ix-xii-v/

В фемный период Восточная Римская империя дважды реформировала в Климатах Готии административную структуру и усилила роль православной церкви. Фемный период в Климатах Херсона начался в 841 г. Император Феофил, воспользовавшись зависимостью хазар от военной помощи Восточной Римской империи для возвращения расположенных на Внутренней горной гряде городов и крепостей, учредил новый военно-административной округ – фему (θέμα). Стратигу Херсона подчинили крепость Херсон и соседние Климаты, управлявшиеся местными архонтами. Стратиг ведал судебными, финансовыми, налоговыми делами провинции, отвечал за порядок на вверенной ему территории. Видимо, в 850 или 860 г. на печатях фему называли фемой Херсона. Судя по материалам археологических раскопок, после учреждения фемы в κάστρον и πολίσματα на плато Мангуп, Эски-Кермен и Бакла вос-становили некоторые оборонительные сооружения и построили новую крепость на высоком плато Сюйрень. В 842–843 гг. в Византии была осуществлена церковная реформа. После кончины 20 января 842 г. Феофила на Соборе, созванном в Константинополе, низложили иконоборческого патриарха Иоанна Грамматика и 4 марта рукоположили патриархом Мефодия. Собор 11 марта 843 года окончательно восстановил иконопочитание. Торжество православия в империи усилило влияние церкви во всех сферах общественной жизни. Бесспорные свидетельства повсеместного укрепления позиции церкви выявлены в Климатах Готии. В процессе раскопок установлено, что с конца IX в. в городах на плато Эски-Кермен и Бакла были перепланированы городские кварталы, в каждом из которых, на специально выделенных местах, в X–XI вв. возводили новые общинные однонефные храмы. Вероятно, не раньше XI в. на горе Тепе-Кермен возникли городище и монастырь. Во второй половине X – начале XI в. Никифор II Фока (963–969), Ионн I Цимисхий (969–975) и Василий II (976–1025) реформировали пограничные фемы. Во второй половине XI в. в фему Херсона включили Сугдею. Вероятно, через несколько лет фему преобразовали в катепанат.Границы катепаната Херсона не ясны. В него входили фема Херсона с топотирисиями турмы Готии, Сугдея и Хазария. Происходящие с территории Климатов печати византийских аристократов и материалы археологических раскопок городов и крепостей на Внутренней горной гряде свидетельствуют о сохранении подчинения Готии Восточной Римской империи до ее разгрома в 1204 г. крестоносцами.

В фемный период Восточная Римская империя дважды реформировала в Климатах Готии административную структуру и усилила роль православной церкви. Фемный период в Климатах Херсона начался в 841 г. Император Феофил, воспользовавшись зависимостью хазар от военной помощи Восточной Римской империи для возвращения расположенных на Внутренней горной гряде городов и крепостей, учредил новый военно-административной округ – фему (θέμα). Стратигу Херсона подчинили крепость Херсон и соседние Климаты, управлявшиеся местными архонтами. Стратиг ведал судебными, финансовыми, налоговыми делами провинции, отвечал за порядок на вверенной ему территории. Видимо, в 850 или 860 г. на печатях фему называли фемой Херсона. Судя по материалам археологических раскопок, после учреждения фемы в κάστρον и πολίσματα на плато Мангуп, Эски-Кермен и Бакла вос-становили некоторые оборонительные сооружения и построили новую крепость на высоком плато Сюйрень. В 842–843 гг. в Византии была осуществлена церковная реформа. После кончины 20 января 842 г. Феофила на Соборе, созванном в Константинополе, низложили иконоборческого патриарха Иоанна Грамматика и 4 марта рукоположили патриархом Мефодия. Собор 11 марта 843 года окончательно восстановил иконопочитание. Торжество православия в империи усилило влияние церкви во всех сферах общественной жизни. Бесспорные свидетельства повсеместного укрепления позиции церкви выявлены в Климатах Готии. В процессе раскопок установлено, что с конца IX в. в городах на плато Эски-Кермен и Бакла были перепланированы городские кварталы, в каждом из которых, на специально выделенных местах, в X–XI вв. возводили новые общинные однонефные храмы. Вероятно, не раньше XI в. на горе Тепе-Кермен возникли городище и монастырь. Во второй половине X – начале XI в. Никифор II Фока (963–969), Ионн I Цимисхий (969–975) и Василий II (976–1025) реформировали пограничные фемы. Во второй половине XI в. в фему Херсона включили Сугдею. Вероятно, через несколько лет фему преобразовали в катепанат.Границы катепаната Херсона не ясны. В него входили фема Херсона с топотирисиями турмы Готии, Сугдея и Хазария. Происходящие с территории Климатов печати византийских аристократов и материалы археологических раскопок городов и крепостей на Внутренней горной гряде свидетельствуют о сохранении подчинения Готии Восточной Римской империи до ее разгрома в 1204 г. крестоносцами.

 Восточная Римская империя Готия Климаты Херсон стратиг фема турма топоритит катепан Eastern Roman Empire Gothia Klimata Cherson strategos theme turma topoteretes katepano

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