Materials in Archaeology, History and Ethnography of Tauria Materials in Archaeology, History and Ethnography of Tauria Материалы по археологии, истории и этнографии Таврии 2413-189X 55921 10.29039/2413-189X.2022.27.592-627 ИСТОРИЯ HISTORY ИСТОРИЯ A Tour of Edward Daniel Clarke and Peter Simon Pallas to the South-Western Crimea in September 1800 Поездка Эдварда-Даньела Кларка и Петера-Симона Палласа в юго-западный Крым в сентябре 1800 г. Храпунов Никита Игоревич Khrapunov Nikita Igorevich

кандидат исторических наук;

candidate of historical sciences;

 Крымский Федеральный Университет им. В.И. Вернадского RU V.I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University RU 21 02 2023 21 02 2023 592 627 21 12 2022 https://maiet.cfuv.ru/poezdka-edvarda-danela-klarka-i-petera-simona-pallasa-v-yugo-zapadnyj-krym-v-sentyabre-1800-g/

В работе рассматривается специфический источник по истории Крыма на рубеже XVIII–XIX вв. – рассказ британского путешественника Эдварда-Даньела Кларка о поездке на юго-западную оконечность полуострова для осмотра археологических памятников разных эпох. Эта история стала одной из глав в «Путешествиях» Кларка, завоевавших широкую популярность и во многом определивших представления о Крыме в западной общественной мысли. Кларк внес немалый вклад в формирование некоторых стереотипов в отношении Крыма и России, сохраняющих актуальность до наших дней, в частности, обвинив русских в целенаправленном и бессмысленном уничтожении памятников археологии. Спутником и проводником Кларка в этой поездке был знаменитый натуралист Петер-Симон Паллас. За несколько дней они осмотрели памятники Мангупского городища, Гераклейского полуострова, мыса Айя и его окрестностей, а также долины селения Чоргун (ныне Черноречье). При подготовке книги Кларк значительно переработал материалы путевого дневника, в частности, дополнив их анализом античных и средневековых источников, цитаты из которых привел в подстрочных примечаниях. Записки Кларка зафиксировали состояние ряда объектов, впоследствии пострадавших от природных и антропогенных факторов. Документ показывает, как исследователи той эпохи анализировали увиденное и, следовательно, позволяют реконструировать начальный этап изучения прошлого региона. Помимо археологических сюжетов, Кларк обратился к некоторым современным реалиям, например, рассказал о добыче и использовании сукновальной глины, о эпидемиях в Крыму, одежде крымско-татарской знати, русских солдатах, некоторых особенностях крымской ботаники. Впервые публикуется русский перевод соответствующего раздела из сочинения Кларка.

This work analyses a very specific source on the Crimean history at the turn of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries: British traveller Edward Daniel Clarke’s account of his journey to the south-western extremity of the Peninsula to study archaeological sites dating to different historical periods. This episode was described in a chapter of Clarke’s “Travels,” which became extraordinary popular and to a great extent shaped the notion of the Crimea in the public mind of the West. Clarke contributed much to the development of some stereotypes of the Crimea and Russia that continued to these days, particularly accusing the Russian in voluntary and senseless destruction of archaeological monuments. In the said journey, Clarke found a companion and a guide in person of famous natural scientist Peter Simon Pallas. They spent a few days to examine the sites located atop of Mangup mountain, in the Gerakleiskii peninsula, Aia promontory and its environs, as well as the valley around the settlement of Chorgun (now Chernorech’e). Later on, when working on his book of travels, Clarke considerably overworked the materials kept in his travel journal, particularly, supplying an analysis of ancient and mediaeval sources and citing the latter in footnotes. Clarke’s travelogue documented the condition of several archaeological sites, which later suffered of natural and human factors. The document under study uncovers the ways in which the researchers in the period in question analysed what was seen and, therefore, allows the one to reconstruct the first stage of the scientific research of the region. Apart from archaeological aspects, Clarke described some contemporary realities, such as the mining of fuller’s earth, epidemies in the Crimea, Tatar nobility’s dress, Russian recruits, and some specific local plants. The Russian translation of the chapter of Clarke’s travelogue has been published for the first time.

 Эдвард-Даньел Кларк Петер-Симон Паллас травелог имагология. вооб- ражаемая география Крым Российская империя Edward Daniel Clarke Peter Simon Pallas travelogue imagology imagined geographies Crimea Russian Empire

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