Ekosistemy Ekosistemy ЭКОСИСТЕМЫ 2414-4738 84297 10.29039/2413-1733-2024-37-73-81 Общая рубрика General heading Общая рубрика Toxic effects of drilling fluid on the embryos and prelarvae of Ruissian sturgeon Acipenser guelenstaedtii Действие бурового раствора на эмбрионы и предличинок русского осетра Acipenser gueldenstaedtii Руднева И. И. Rudneva I. I. Шайда В. Г. Shaida V. G. Медянкина М. В. Medaynkina M. V. Морской гидрофизический институт Россия Морской гидрофизический институт Russian Federation Общество с ограниченной ответственностью «ЭкоСервис-А» Россия Общество с ограниченной ответственностью «ЭкоСервис-А» Russian Federation Московский государственный университет технологий и управления имени К. Г. Разумовского (Первый казачий университет имени К. Г. Разумовского) Россия Московский государственный университет технологий и управления имени К. Г. Разумовского (Первый казачий университет имени К. Г. Разумовского) Russian Federation 21 06 2024 21 06 2024 37 73 81 20 06 2024 https://ekosystems.cfuv.ru/действие-бурового-раствора-на-эмбрио/

Активное развитие нефте- и газодобычи на морском шельфе негативно влияет на гидробионтов, что выражается в ухудшении условий их существования и снижении жизнеспособности. Ранние стадии развития морских обитателей наиболее чувствительны к действию загрязнителей, наличие которых в среде приводит к нарушению их выживаемости, роста и развития. Исследовали влияние бурового компонента (водный раствор гемицеллюлазы) в концентрации 0,1; 0,5; 1; 5 и 10 мг/л на выживаемость эмбрионов и предличинок осетра Acipenser gueldenstaedtii (Brandt & Ratzeberg, 1833) в среде соленостью 5 ‰. Не обнаружено различий в выживаемости эмбрионов в растворах с токсикантом в концентрации 0,1–1 мг/л, но при увеличении его концентрации до 5 мг/л и выше происходило достоверное (р<0,01) снижение этого показателя и задержка вылупления предличинок. Установлена средняя корреляция (r=0,53) между выживаемостью эмбрионов и концентрацией вещества. Вылупление личинок в контрольных группах было наибольшим и не имело существенных различий в пресной и соленой воде. Не действующая на выживаемость эмбрионов рыб концентрация вещества составила 1 мг/л. Рассмотрены разные механизмы негативного влияния бурового раствора на развивающихся эмбрионов рыб: ухудшение условий обитания, оседание твердых частиц на поверхности икринки и тем самым задержка выклева, прямые токсические эффекты, обусловленные наличием токсикантов, особенно тяжелых металлов в составе бурового раствора. Обсуждается возможность использования икры рыб для оценки экологического состояния прибрежных морских акваторий в районах интенсивной нефте- и газодобычи.

The active development of oil and gas production on the sea shelf negatively affects aquatic organisms, leading to deterioration of their existence and reduced viability. The early stages of development of marine organisms are particularly sensitive to pollutants, which disrupt their survival rate, growth, and development. The researchers studied the impact of a drilling fluid component (an aqueous solution of hemicellulase) at concentrations of 0.1, 0.5, 1, 5, and 10 mg/L on the survival of embryos and prelarvae of the Russian sturgeon, Acipenser gueldenstaedtii (Brandt & Ratzeberg, 1833), in a saline environment (salinity 5 ‰). No differences were observed in the survival of embryos in solutions containing a toxicant at a concentration of 0.1–1 mg/l. However, when the concentration increased to 5 mg/l and higher, there was a significant (p<0.01) decrease in survival rate and delayed hatching of prelarvae. An average correlation (r=0.53) between embryo survival and substance concentration was found. The hatching of larvae in the control groups was the highest and it did not differ significantly in fresh and salty water. A concentration of 1 mg/L of the substance had no effect on fish embryos survival. Various mechanisms of the negative impact of drilling fluid on developing fish embryos are considered, including habitat deterioration, sedimentation of solid particles on the surface of eggs leading to delayed hatching, and direct toxic effects caused by the presence of toxicants, especially heavy metals, in the composition of the drilling fluid. The potential use of fish eggs to assess the ecological status of coastal marine areas in the regions of intensive oil and gas production is discussed.

 буровой раствор загрязнение токсичность эмбрионы и предличинки рыб выживаемость drilling fluid pollution toxicity fish embryos and prelarvae survival rate

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