Observations of birds and mammals were conducted during an expedition on the icebreaker “Ilya Muromets” from July 27 to August 10, 2022 in the open waters of the Barents Sea, the coastal waters of the Novaya Zemlya archipelago in the Barents and Kara Seas, as well as in terrestrial ecosystems during seven landings on the South Island of the Novaya Zemlya archipelago. A total of 46 species were recorded, including 39 species of birds and 7 species of mammals. Based on these observations, the fauna in the studied part of the Barents Sea and the Matochkin Shar Strait during the expedition was represented by 22 species (19 species of birds and 3 species of marine mammals), including rare and protected species such as the ivory gull Pagophila eburnea (Phipps., 1774); beluga whale Delphinapterus leucas (Pallas, 1776); walrus Odobenus rosmarus rosmarus (L., 1758). In the terrestrial ecosystems of the South Island, 31 species of terrestrial vertebrates (27 bird species and 4 mammal species) were recorded, including rare and protected species such as lesser white-fronted goose Anser erythropus (Linnaeus, 1758); Bewick’s swan Cygnus bewickii Yarrell, 1830; long-tailed duck Clangula hyemalis (Linnaeus, 1758); polar bear Ursus maritimus Phipps, 1774. Two nests of the rough-legged buzzard Buteo lagopus (Pontoppidan, 1763) with chicks, , as well as nests of the snow bunting Plectrophenax nivalis (Linnaeus, 1758) and the common eider Somateria mollissima (Linnaeus, 1758) with clutches were found. The barnacle goose Branta leucopsis (Bechstein, 1803) and the greater white-fronted goose Anser albifrons (Scopoli, 1769) were dominant among the birds in the terrestrial ecosystems. Large moulting aggregations of geese from these species were recorded. A relatively large aggregation of skuas was observed, predominantly consisting of the pomarine skua Stercorarius pomarinus (Temminck, 1815). This phenomenon may be attributed to the species’ invasion into the archipelago due to the high density of the lemming Dicrostonyx torquatus Pallas, 1778. Numerous lemming burrows were recorded. Additionally, the migration of a mute swan Cygnus olor (J.F. Gmelin, 1789) outside its typical range was documented. Polar bears were encountered mainly along the east coast of the South Island. Several females with two cubs have been observed. All bears appeared to be visually in good condition.
birds, mammals, rare species, South Island of Novaya Zemlya, Barents Sea, Kara Sea.
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