Volgograd State University
Volgograd, Volgograd, Russian Federation
The development and implementation of new systems for obtaining and computer analysis of biological images and spectrograms, which increased the indicative possibilities and opened opportunities for expanding the number of applicable species in subarid areas, causes the relevance of this study. The shrubs Elaeagnus angustifolia and Caragana arborescens, widely used in the south-east of European Russia for the reclamation of man-made landscapes, protective afforestation, were selected as the objects of research. For collecting material, we used sites with low and high levels of anthropogenic impact, characterized by an increased content of toxic trace elements in the soil and air pollution. Resulting from the colorometric analysis, the more expressive changes we recorded for the longitudinal and transverse gradients of green for both studied species. Spectrometry revealed that the light absorption intensity at the wavelength of A664 was sensitive to the level of anthropogenic load for the selected plants. The determination of total chlorophyll, flavonoid, anthocyanin concentrations, along with the calculation of the nitrogen balance index in leaf blades by the «Dualex Scientific+» spectrometer clearly demonstrated differences in the values of these indicators among the selected biological species and their growth in areas with varying degrees of anthropogenic impact. A comparative analysis of the results between species, as well as between sites with different degrees and nature of anthropogenic load, allowed us to conclude that both approaches could currently be effectively combined with classical bioindication methods. The sufficiently high sensitivity of E. angustifolia and C. arborescens to changes in environmental pollution recommends these species as a potential plant bioindicator in the subarid zone.
leaf blade, computer colorometry, spectral analysis, Caragana arborescens, Elaeagnus angustifólia, bioindication, anthropogenic pollution.
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