The article analyzes the complex of legal and regulatory documentation developed by the Russian government in the course of measures to change the legal status of the Karaite population in Russia. The beginning of the first stage of transformation of the legal status of the Karaites dated back to 1795, when Catherine II signed the law “On the exemption of Taurida Jews, called Karaites, from taxes imposed on all Jews in general”. In accordance with this document, Karaites were exempt from paying the double trade tax, which became mandatory for Rabanite Jews. Subsequently, secular and spiritual leaders of the Karaite communities of Crimea and the provinces of the North-Western Territory of the Russian Empire repeatedly sent various petitions to higher authorities in order to provide the Karaites with economic and other benefits. In these petitions, their authors pointed out the differences between Karaites and Rabanite Jews in the ethnic and religious context. Decrees of the Senate, resolutions, definitions and orders of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, circulars of the Department of Religious Affairs of Foreign Denominations and other documentation reflect the history of the first stage of the Karaites’ struggle for their civil rights. In 1837, a project for the creation of the Spiritual Board of the Karaites in Eupatoria, which became the first official institution of confessional self-government of the Karaites of the Russian Empire, was approved. The second stage of documenting the civil status of the Karaites dates back to the 1840s–1860s and it is characterized by further measures for legislative regulation of various aspects of the socio-economic life of the Karaites.
Russian Empire, Crimea, legislation, Karaites, Rabanite Jews, bodies of confessional self-government.
1. Ahiezer G. Karaimy Pol'sko-Litovskogo gosudarstva do konca XVII v. Istoriya evreyskogo naroda v Rossii: ot drevnosti do rannego Novogo vremeni / Pod red. A. Kulika. – T. 1: Ot Drevnosti do
2. Ahiezer G. Zavoevanie Kryma Rossiyskoy Imperiey glazami karaimskih hronistov. – Ierusalim: Gesharim; M.: Mosty kul'tury, 2015. – 240 s.
3. Ahiezer G., Kramarovskiy M. G. Evreyskie obschiny srednevekovogo Solhata po arheologicheskim i rukopisnym istochnikam: istoriko-kul'turnye aspekty// Zolotoordynskoe obozrenie.– 2023. – T. 11
4. Belyy O. B. Iz istorii karaimskoy obschiny Kryma v konce XVIII – nach. HIH v. (Po materialam fonda Tavricheskogo i Odesskogo karaimskogo duhovnogo pravleniya v CGAK) // Krymskiy muzey.
5. Belyy O. B. Obzor arhivnyh dokumentov po istorii karaimskoy obschiny v pervoy polovine XIX veka (po materialam fonda Tavricheskogo i Odesskogo karaimskogo duhovnogo pravleniya v GAARK)
6. Belyy O. B. Istoriya i kul'tura krymskih karaimov na stranicah zhurnala «Izvestiya Tavricheskogo i Odesskogo Karaimskogo Duhovnogo Pravleniya» (1917–1919 gg.) // Materialy po arheologii, istorii i
7. Borschik N. D., Morozan V. V., Prohorov D. A. Finansovaya sistema Kryma: fakty, sobytiya, lyudi. K 240-letiyu sozdaniya finansovyh organov Kryma (1784–2024)/Pod obsch. red. I. V. Kiviko.
8. Voenno-statisticheskoe obozrenie Rossiyskoy imperii, izdavaemoe po vysochayshemu poveleniyu pri 1-m Otdelenii Departamenta General'nogo shtaba. – T. XI, Ch. 2: Tavricheskaya guberniya.
9. Gammal M. Reformy tradicionnoy obryadnosti karaimov Rossiyskoy imperii v XIX – nachale XX v. // «Staroe» i «novoe» v slavyanskoy i evreyskoy kul'turnoy tradicii / Otv. red. O. V. Belova.
10. Gammal M. Karaimy v Rossiyskoy imperii // Istoriya evreyskogo naroda v Rossii / pod red. I. Lur'e. V 2-h t. T. 2: Ot razdelov Pol'shi do padeniya Rossiyskoy imperii, 1772–1917. – M.:
11. Gammal M. I. K voprosu o stanovlenii obschinnoy kar'ery Avraama Luckogo v 30-h godah XIX veka // Kul'tura slavyan i kul'tura evreev: dialog, shodstva, razlichiya. – M.: Izd-vo Centra nauchnyh
12. Gammal M. I. «Vy pokolenie, kotoroe uvidelo deyanie Gospoda!»: otrazhenie politicheskoy istorii karaimov Kryma pervoy poloviny XIX v. v publichnom prostranstve karaimskoy obschiny
13. Gammal M. I. K tipologii prazdnika Purim v karaimskih obschinah Kryma v pervoy polovine XIX veka // Kul'tura slavyan i kul'tura evreev: dialog, shodstva, razlichiya. – 2023. – № 2023. – S. 181–210.
14. [Gessen Yu.] Troki // Evreyskaya enciklopediya. Svod znaniy o evreystve i ego kul'ture v proshlom i nastoyaschem / Pod red. L. Kacenel'sona. – SPb.: [b. m.], 1912. – T. 15. – Stb. 29–32.
15. Gosudarstvennyy arhiv Respubliki Krym (GARK), f. 241, op. 1, d. 1.
16. Egorov V. V. Polozhenie «O ustroystve evreev» ot 9 dekabrya 1804 g. kak istochnik zakonodatel'stva, regulirovavshego pravovoy status evreyskogo naseleniya Rossiyskoy imperii v nachale XIX v.
17. Kabuzan V. M. Narody Rossii v XVIII v.: Chislennost' i etnicheskiy sostav. – M.: Nauka, 1990. –
18. Kramarovskiy M. G. Religioznye obschiny v istorii i kul'ture Solhata XIII–XIV vv. // Archeologia abrahamica: issledovaniya v oblasti arheologii i hudozhestvennoy tradicii iudaizma,
19. Kramarovskiy M. G. Solhatskaya iudaika // Vostok. Afro-Aziatskie obschestva: istoriya i sovremennost'. – M., 2016. – № 5. – S. 6–24.
20. Kramarovskiy M. G. Krym (Solhat): k istorii karaimo-rabbanitskoy obschiny v XIII–XIV vekah // Trudy Gosudarstvennogo Ermitazha. Belgradskiy sbornik. K XXIII Mezhdunarodnomu kongressu
21. Konkin D. V. K voprosu o naselenii Kryma v konce XVIII – nachale XIX vv. i pervoy volne krymsko-tatarskoy emigracii // Materialy po arheologii, istorii i etnografii Tavrii. – 2022. – Vyp. 27.
22. Lashkov F. F. Statisticheskie svedeniya o Kryme, soobschennye kaymakanami v 1783 g. // ZOOID. – 1886. – T. 14. – S. 92–156.
23. [Lashkov F. F.] Kameral'noe opisanie Kryma 1784 goda (prodolzhenie) // ITUAK. – 1888. – № 6. – S. 36–63.
24. Polnoe sobranie zakonov Rossiyskoy imperii. Sobranie 1 (PSZRI–1). – SPb.: Tip. Vtorogo Otd-iya Sobstvennoy E. I. V. Kancelyarii, 1830. – T. 23: s 1789 po 6 noyabrya 1796 g.
25. PSZRI–1. – SPb., 1830. – T. 28: 1804–1805.
26. PSZRI–1. – SPb., 1830. – T. 31: 1810–1811.
27. PSZRI–1. – SPb., 1830. – T. 34: 1817.
28. Polnoe sobranie zakonov Rossiyskoy imperii. Sobranie 2 (PSZRI–2). – SPb.: Tip. Vtorogo Otd-iya Sobstvennoy E. I. V. Kancelyarii, 1830. – T. 2: 1827.
29. PSZRI–2. – SPb., 1830. – T. 4: 1829.
30. PSZRI–2. – SPb., 1836. – T. 10, Otd. 1: 1835.
31. PSZRI–2. – SPb., 1837. – T. 11, Otd. 1: 1836.
32. PSZRI–2. – SPb., 1838. – T. 12, Otd. 1: 1837.
33. PSZRI–2. – SPb., 1840. – T. 14, Otd. 1: 1839.
34. PSZRI–2. – SPb., 1845. – T. 19, Otd. 1: 1844.
35. PSZRI–2. – SPb., 1866. – T. 38, Otd. 1: 1863.
36. PSZRI–2. – SPb., 1868. – T. 41, Otd. 1: 1866.
37. Prohorov D. A. Pravovye osnovy organizacii konfessional'nogo samoupravleniya karaimov v konce XVIII – pervoy polovine XIX vv. // Uchenye zapiski Krymskogo Federal'nogo Universiteta
38. Prohorov D. A. K probleme chislennosti i social'noy differenciacii karaimskoy obschiny Chufut-Kale v konce XVIII veka // Materialy k istorii Prichernomor'ya v Novoe vremya: sb. nauch. st.
39. Prohorov D. A. K istorii kontaktov karaimov Kryma i karaimskih obschin Zapadnyh guberniy Rossiyskoy imperii v konce XVIII – 50-h godah XIX vv. (po dokumentam Gosudarstvennogo Arhiva
40. Prohorov D. A. Krymskie karaimy v epohu Srednevekov'ya i v Novoe vremya: dis. ... dokt. ist. nauk: 07.00.03 / Prohorov Dmitriy Anatol'evich. Simferopol', 2020. 570 s. + Pril. (205 s.: il.).
41. Prohorov D. A. Formirovanie organov konfessional'nogo samoupravleniya musul'man i karaimov Tavricheskoy gubernii v pervoy polovine XIX v.: obschee i otlichiya // Istoriya rossiyskoy
42. Rossiyskiy gosudarstvennyy arhiv drevnih aktov (RGADA), f. 1239, op. 3, d. 55069.
43. Rossiyskiy gosudarstvennyy istoricheskiy arhiv (RGIA), f. 821, op. 8, d. 565.
44. Svod zakonov Rossiyskoy imperii. T. 14. Ustavy o pasportah, o preduprezhdenii prestupleniy, o cenzure, o soderzhaschihsya pod strazheyu, i o ssyl'nyh. – SPb.: Tip. Vtorogo Otd-iya Sobstvennoy E. I. V.
45. Sevastopol' // Kratkaya evreyskaya enciklopediya / Izd. pri sodeystvii O-va po issled. evr. obschin v stranah rasseyaniya, Ierusalim; gl. red. I. Oren (Nadel'), M. Zand. – Ierusalim: Keter, 1994.
46. Teryukova E. A. Departament duhovnyh del inostrannyh ispovedaniy i etnokonfessional'naya politika Rossiyskogo gosudarstva (XVIII – nachalo HH v.) // Gosudarstvo, religiya, cerkov' v Rossii i za
47. Akhiezer G. From Scripturalism to the ‘Chain of Tradition’: Between Rabbanite and Karaite Judaism // Religions. – 2022. – Vol. 13, No. 2. – P. 130.
48. Akhiezer G. The Crimean Khan Şahin Giray (1777–1783): The First Modernizer of the Islamic World and his Image in Imperial and Minority Perspectives // Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient.
49. Miller P. Karaite Separatism in Nineteenth-Century Russia. – Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College Press, 1993. – 252 p.
50. Miller Ph. Agenda in Karaite printing in the Crimea During the Middle Third of the Nineteenth Century // Studies in Bibliography and Booklore. – 1998. – Vol. XX. – R. 82–88.
