Diabetic nephropathy is one of the most severe and widespread complications of diabetes mellitus. It is characterized by damage to the kidney’s filtration apparatus, structural destruction of glomeruli and tubules, inflammation, and progressive renal failure. Considering the multifactorial pathogenesis of this condition, studies on non-pharmacological approaches to its correction, including the use of probiotic microbial consortia (PMC) with anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and metabolically active properties, are becoming increasingly relevant. The aim of this study was to investigate morphometric and histological changes in kidney tissue in rats with alloxan-induced diabetes and to evaluate the nephroprotective effect of PMC. The experiment involved 30 male Wistar rats divided into three groups: control, diabetic, and diabetic with PMC administration. Diabetes mellitus was induced via intraperitoneal injections of alloxan at a dose of 100 mg/kg, administered three times. Rats in the third group received a 1 % solution of PMC intragastrically for 21 days. The consortium included the following strains: Lactobacillus parabuchneri, L. plantarum, L. acidophilus, Enterococcus faecium, and Brettanomyces bruxellensis. Histological and morphometric analysis revealed significant nephron damage in diabetic rats, including thinning of the renal cortex, a reduced number of renal corpuscles, glomerular destruction, tubular atrophy, and interstitial edema. In rats treated with PMC, partial restoration of renal tissue architecture was observed, including improved glomerular condition, normalized tubular size, reduced inflammatory changes, and an increased number of functional nephrons. The findings confirm a moderately expressed nephroprotective effect of the probiotic microbial consortium, demonstrated by improved morphological and functional kidney parameters in the setting of diabetic nephropathy. These results are consistent with current understanding of the systemic metabolic impact of probiotics and support their potential use as an adjunct therapy in the management of diabetic complications.
alloxan, diabetic nephropathy, kidneys, probiotic microbial consortium, morphometry, rats, nephroprotective effect
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