Polyarno-al'piyskiy botanicheskiy sad-institut im. N.A. Avrorina
Polyarno-al'piyskiy botanicheskiy sad-institut im. N.A. Avrorina
The article presents data on the results of the introduction of representatives of the genus Crataegus L. in the Polar Alpine Botanical Garden Institute (PABGI) (Apatity) since 1947. The genus Crataegus is found in the temperate and subtropical zones of the northern hemisphere. According to the generally accepted classification of the zoning of the flora, the range of this genus is located within the Holarctic floral kingdom. The greatest species diversity is observed in the eastern part of North America. On the Kola Peninsula, hawthorn is absent from natural plant communities, but it is found in culture and does not require significant care. According to the modern nomenclature of taxa names, 86 taxa were introduced into the public domain from 1947 to 2021. During the period of the introduction studies, 65 geographical samples were included in the test. North American representatives of the genus Crataegus make up 52% of the tested samples, representatives of the European flora – 21%, Central Asian – 18% and Far Eastern – 9%. Most of the samples (98%) for the introduction experiment were obtained in the form of seeds. The initial seed material was obtained as a result of seed exchange with various points of introduction (botanical institutions) in Russia and abroad. The initial seed material of natural origin had a higher germination rate, which was 60.9%. The majority of plants (84%) were represented by circumboreal flora. Representatives of this floral region had the highest seed germination, which was 48.5%. Representatives of the East Asian and Mediterranean regions had the lowest germination rate — 33.3%, respectively. Currently, the PABSI hawthorn collection contains 30 specimens from 23 taxa, including 22 species and 1 form, which is 10.5% of the total number of tested specimens and 26.7% of the total number of tested hawthorn species. According to long-term phenological data, the growing season lasts from 97 to 125 days and is characterized as short. The average value of the growing season for all studied species was 115 ± 6.2 days. Most of the studied species are characterized by high winter hardiness. No species characterized by the freezing of shoots to snow cover or the complete freezing of the plant were found. In the conditions of the Kola Subarctic, some species of hawthorn bloom abundantly and bear fruit. Plants of the species C. arnoldiana, C. submollis, C. basilica, C. intracatata and C. canadensis do not bloom, plants of C. russanovii and C. nigra are characterized by irregular flowering, and fruiting may be absent in unfavorable years. According to the results of the study, plants of the genus Crataegus are promising for introduction in the Kola North. The most resistant species of hawthorn in culture include C. flabellata, C. chlorosarca, C. dahurica, C. maximowiczii and C. sanguinea, which allows us to recommend them for widespread use in green construction.
hawthorn, taxon, introduction, Kola Arctic, winter hardiness, flowering, fruiting
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