Novosibirskiy nacional'nyy issledovatel'skiy gosudarstvennyy universitet
he human body is closely connected to the microflora through thousands of biologically active low molecular weight compounds. In the last decade, the idea has spread that in order to maintain and restore the microecology of the human body, not only live bacteria should be used, but also products of bacterial lysis and filtered products of their metabolism. Such low molecular weight microbial components are called metabiotics. According to their functional characteristics, metabiotics can be divided into the following large groups: 1) active metabolites (branched and unbranched short-chain fatty acids, including butyrate, acetate, propionate; nitric oxide, methane, vitamins, nucleotides, amino acids, peptides, etc.); 2) structural components (muramyldipeptide, S-proteins, peptidoglycans, lipoteichoic acids, lipopolysaccharides (LPS), lectins, phospholipids, nucleic acids, etc.); 3) neuromodulators (serotonin, glycine, dopamine, norepinephrine, acetylcholine, tryptamine, etc.).; 4) substances with antibacterial activity (lysozyme, bacteriocins, biosurfactans, polyamines, lectins, etc.); 5) antioxidants (peptides, polysaccharides, glutathione, butyric acid, vitamin B12, thiamine, etc.). In the human body, metabiotics act as an energy substrate for the intestinal normoflora and enterocytes; signaling molecules for enterocytes and the lymphoid-associated immune system of the intestinal wall, «immune simulators», inhibit the development of pathogenic microbiota and yeast flora, participate in the modulation of metabolic processes of both the microbiota itself and the body as a whole, have neuromodulating, antioxidant antibacterial action, they are one of the most powerful biological agents that support the growth and development of beneficial bacteria. This allows us to consider metabiotics as a promising group of drugs for the correction of dysbiotic and systemic metabolic disorders in adults and children. At the present stage of the development of biotic medicine, an idea has been formed about targeted metabiotics in which bacterial lysates are enriched with extracts of medicinal plants. Preparations based on metabiotics and phytoextracts (phytolysates) have already proven themselves to be effective means for normalizing the gastrointestinal tract in children and adults, restoring normal intestinal microflora, preventing the development of respiratory infections, supporting the function of the cardiovascular and urinary systems, correcting adverse events against the background of chemotherapy, in the treatment of gerontological patients, etc. Clinical studies on the use of phytolysates to maintain the intestinal microbiota against the background of chemo and radiation therapy in cancer patients in order to reduce the negative effects of antitumor therapy seem promising.
metabiotics, bacterial lysates, ultralysates, phytoextracts, extracts of medicinal plants, microflora, microbiota
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