This study analyzes the effect of Scutellaria baicalensis (SB) root extract on spatial «reference» memory of male nonlinear white rats exposed to «social» stress factors, which is an important aspect in the field of neurobiology and psychopharmacology. The roots of four-year-old SB, obtained by culturing in the Astrakhan region, became the object of the study. The extract was prepared by maceration using 70 % ethyl alcohol, followed by aging for 2 days at a temperature of 8–10 °C to precipitate ballast substances, which were separated by filtration to obtain a clear liquid. Then a thick extract was obtained by removing ethyl alcohol using a rotary evaporator (Hei-VAP Core HL, Germany) under vacuum at a temperature of no higher than 60 ℃. Cognitive functions were assessed using the Morris water maze test used to study spatial navigation and memory, and the conditioned passive avoidance reflex test (CPAR) to analyze cognitive flexibility and memory based on associative learning. The study was conducted on 160 male nonlinear old rats divided into two groups of 80 individuals, whose behavior was studied on the Morris water maze and CPAR installations. Each of the samples implied differentiation of laboratory individuals into: I. control group (n=20); II. animals administered SB extract at a dose of 100 mg/kg/day (n=20); III-IV. aggressor individuals (n=10) and victims (n=10) exposed to intermale confrontations (n=10); V-VI. rats with dominant (n=10) and submissive (n=10) behavior types, receiving SB-based extract under conditions of “social” stress. Water for injection and extract (100 mg/kg/day) were administered intragastrically once a day for 14 days. “Social” stress was modeled by establishing intermale confrontations under conditions of paired sensory contact with its daily reproduction for 21 days. The effect of SB root extract on spatial “reference” memory was assessed using behavioral tests – Morris water maze and CPAR. In the course of experiments conducted using the Morris and CPAR tests, it was determined that the SB root extract has a positive effect on the cognitive functions of the subjects under «social» stress. Evaluation of the results obtained during the tests using the Morris test method showed that the animals that received the SB extract demonstrated significantly better results in navigating the water maze. Analysis of the experimental data indicates restoration of spatial memory and learning ability in the event of a pathological condition due to the formation of inter-male confrontations, which is probably due to the fact that the flavonoid complex of the extract reduces the effect of «social» stress on the HPA-axis receptors that control the release of corticoliberin from the hypothalamus. The latter, in turn, is involved in inducing ACTH secretion by the pituitary gland, which leads to stimulation of the adrenal cortex and the subsequent release of corticosterone, which plays a key role in the body’s response to stress. A reliable decrease in the concentration of corticosterone in the plasma of male nonlinear white rats exposed to the SB extract under conditions of paired sensory contact was recorded, which was expressed in a decrease in the severity of stress-induced changes, limiting hyperactivation of the central stress-realizing systems, correcting the endogenous antioxidant system of the body. It was shown that in experimentally created conditions of «social» stress, which negatively affects cognitive processes, the extract exhibited its neuroprotective properties, contributing to a decrease in the level of anxiety and stress in experimental animals, which is probably due to the rich flavonoid composition of polyphenolic compounds. Flavonoids found in the SB extract can participate in modulating the activity of hypothalamic neurons through interaction with GABA receptors, endogenously enhancing inhibitory signals, which makes it possible to reduce excess activity caused by «social» stress. Thus, the flavonoid complex helps maintain balance in neuroendocrine regulation, minimizing the risk of overloading the stress regulation system and preventing the development of stress-induced pathologies. In addition, it was found that baicalin, as one of the flavonoids, of the studied extract has antioxidant properties, which is expressed in the protection of hypothalamic cells from oxidative stress, supporting their function and resistance to external stress effects. Evaluation of the data obtained during the CPAR test also confirmed these findings: animals receiving the SB extract showed less susceptibility to cognitive impairment, which indicates the potential role of this plant component in improving stress resistance and maintaining normal memory functions. The results of the experimental study open up new possibilities for using the extract as a potential means for improving cognitive functions and combating the effects of stress, emphasizing the importance of further research into its pharmacological activity.
«social» stress, Scutellaria baicalensis, «reference» memory, conditioned reflex of passive avoidance, neuroprotective effect.
1. Hmel' A. A. Razvitie teoreticheskih vzglyadov na vozdeystvie social'nogo stressa kak faktorariska zdorov'yu v nachale HHI veka / A. A. Hmel' // Innovacii i investicii. – 2020. – № 7. – S. 84–88.
2. Smoleva E. O. Social'nyy stress i strategii ego preodoleniya: analiz koncepciy i modeley / E. O. Smoleva // Social'noe prostranstvo. – 2020. – T. 6. – № 3. – S. 3.
3. Vasilenko E. A. Psihologicheskie mehanizmy vozdeystviya social'nogo stressa na social'no-psihologicheskuyu adaptaciyu lichnosti / E. A. Vasilenko // Vestnik Yuzhno-Ural'skogo
4. Kononova A. A. Mediko-social'nye problemy formirovaniya nervno-psihicheskogo zdorov'ya detey v usloviyah hronicheskogo social'nogo stressa / A. A. Kononova // Byulleten' Severnogo
5. Pirozhkova V. O. Social and emotional intelligence as resources for overcoming stress by subjects of team and individual activity presenter / V. O. Pirozhkova, G. B. Gorskaya // Current Issues of Sports
6. Batuev A. S. Vliyanie "social'nogo" stressa vo vremya beremennosti krysy na uroven' trevozhnosti potomstva / A. S. Batuev, O. N. Polyakova, A. A. Aleksandrov // Zhurnal vysshey
7. Moiseeva Yu. V. Povyshenie urovnya trevozhnosti u krys, vyzvannoe social'nym stressom perenaseleniya, ne soprovozhdaetsya izmeneniyami nitrergicheskoy sistemy v mozge / Yu. V. Moiseeva,
8. Gavrilov V. V. Hronicheskie social'nye stressy izolyacii i skuchennosti u krys po-raznomu vliyayut na nauchenie instrumental'nomu povedeniyu i sostoyanie gipotalamo-gipofizarno-
9. Vinogradova E. P. Vliyanie oksitocina i tireoliberina na trevozhnost' u samcov belyh krys pri social'nom stresse / E. P. Vinogradova, A. V. Kargin, N. A. Ogienko, D. A. Zhukov // Zhurnal vysshey
10. Topol I. A. Zakonomernosti i napravlennost' izmeneniy v immunnoy sisteme kishechnika v usloviyah hronicheskogo social'nogo stressa / I. A. Topol, A. M. Kamyshnyy // Patologicheskaya
11. Smoleva E. O. Izmerenie social'nogo stressa: analiz metodik i opyta issledovaniy / E. O. Smoleva // Social'no-gumanitarnye tehnologii. – 2020. – № 3(15). – S. 70–79.
12. Pivina S. G. Chuvstvitel'nost' k social'nomu stressu u samok krys s izmenennoy stressornoy reaktivnost'yu gipofizarno-adrenokortikal'noy sistemy / S. G. Pivina, T. S. Shamolina,
13. Gavrilov V. V. Hronicheskie social'nye stressy izolyacii i skuchennosti u krys po-raznomu vliyayut na nauchenie instrumental'nomu povedeniyu i sostoyanie gipotalamo-gipofizarno-
14. Vishniveckaya G. B. Ustoychivost' myshey linii DBA/2J k vozdeystviyu hronicheskogo stressa social'nyh porazheniy / G. B. Vishniveckaya, D. F. Avgustinovich, N. N. Kudryavceva // Zhurnal vysshey
15. Abramova O. V. Social'nye i kognitivnye narusheniya u potomstva posle vozdeystviya ul'trazvukovogo stressa na krys vo vremya beremennosti / O. V. Abramova, E. A. Zubkov, Ya. A. Zorkina
16. Pavlova I. V. Vliyanie obogaschennoy sredy i social'noy izolyacii na uslovnoreflektornyy strah u krys, perenesshih ranniy provospalitel'nyy stress / I. V. Pavlova, N. D. Broshevickaya
17. Yasenyavskaya A. L. Vliyanie gliprolinov na uroven' faktora rosta nervov krys v usloviyah "social'nogo" stressa / A. L. Yasenyavskaya, A. A. Cibizova, L. A. Andreeva [i dr.] // Vestnik
18. Dyuzhikova N. A. Genom i stress-reakciya u zhivotnyh i cheloveka / N. A. Dyuzhikova, E. V. Daev // Ekologicheskaya genetika. – 2018. – T. 16, №. 1. – S. 4–26.
19. Razumnikova O. M. Zakonomernosti stareniya mozga i sposoby aktivacii ego kompensatornyh resursov / O. M. Razumnikova //Uspehi fiziologicheskih nauk. – 2015. – T. 46, №. 2. – S. 3–16.
20. Murtalieva V. H. Izuchenie vliyaniya ekstrakta Astragalus physodes L. na psihoemocional'noe sostoyanie zhivotnyh v usloviyah "social'nogo" stressa / V. H. Murtalieva, A. A. Cibizova,
21. Cibizova A. A. Ocenka soderzhaniya osnovnyh grupp biologicheski aktivnyh veschestv i antioksidantnaya aktivnost' ekstrakta list'ev Rubus caesius L/A. A. Cibizova, E. N.Biryukova,M. U. Sergalieva
22. Sergalieva M. U. Issledovanie biologicheskoy aktivnosti kornevisch Potentilla supina L / M. U. Sergalieva, A. A. Cibizova // Uchenye zapiski Krymskogo federal'nogo universiteta
23. Vyas S. Nootropic medicinal plants: Therapeutic alternatives for Alzheimer’s disease / S. Vyas, S. Kothari, S. Kachhwaha // J. Herb. Med. – 2019. – No 17. – P. 100291.
24. Dudeckaya N. A. Sostav i soderzhanie fenol'nyh soedineniy v nadzemnoy chasti Scutellaria galericulata (Lamiaceae)/N. A. Dudeckaya, L. S. Teslov, N. Yu. Sipkina // Rastitel'nye resursy.–2011. – T. 47
25. Olennikov D. N. Fenol'nye soedineniya shlemnika baykal'skogo (Scutellaria Baicalensis Georgi) / D. N. Olennikov, N. K. Chirikova, L. M. Tanhaeva // Himiya rastitel'nogo syr'ya. – 2009. – № 4. – S. 89–98.
26. Uranova V. V. Obzor antioksidantnoy aktivnosti flavonoidov rastitel'nogo syr'ya roda shlemnik (Scutellaria) / V. V. Uranova, N. A. Lomteva, O. V. Bliznyak//Estestvennye nauki. – 2021. – № 4(5).
27. Potapova A. A. Vliyanie suhogo ekstrakta iz korney shlemnika Baykal'skogo (Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi) na razvitie okislitel'nogo stressa, vyzvannogo ciklofosfanom / A. A. Potapova
28. Babaevskaya D. I. Kortikosteron krovi i gippokampal'nyy noradrenalin pri razlichnoy strategii rezul'tativnogo povedeniya: ocenka povedeniya v teste urpi s poziciy teorii
29. Gosudarstvennaya farmakopeya XV izdanie. – 2023. – Rezhim dostupa:http://femb.ru/femb/pharmacopea.php, svobodnyy (data obrascheniya 22.11.2024).
30. Uranova V. V. Izuchenie stress-protektivnogo i anksioliticheskogo deystviy ekstrakta Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi v usloviyah «social'nogo» stressa / V. V. Uranova, N. A. Lomteva, O. N. Kuleshova
