New cultivars of ivy are obtained only by identifying, selecting, and stabilizing vegetative mutations — sports. Historically, ivy cultivars form a linear sequence in which each given cultivar is preceded by one mother cultivar. However, along with morphologically new mutations, «old» mutations with already known combinations of traits may reappear in some cultivars, including repeated mutations with traits of the mother cultivar and mutations with traits of the daughter cultivar. When studying repeated mutations, in some cases it becomes possible to determine the origin of the cultivars. Recognition of repeated mutations with characteristics of a mother or daughter cultivars is based on the comparison of historical data related to the first mention, original description, or registration of the corresponding cultivars. Using this approach, previously unknown mother cultivars were identified in three Hedera helix cultivars: ‘Spear Point’ – in ‘Jessica’, ‘Jubilee’ – in ‘Adam’, ‘Blue Moon’ – in ‘Colin’. For the first time, a gradual sport formation extended over years has been described, when the sport is stabilized after the passage of unstable transitional forms. The obtained data contribute to the history of the selection of ivy cultivars, which is replete with gaps, and they also afford to expand our understanding of the changes in characteristics that occur during sports formation in ivy. Moreover, they provide additional opportunities for studying the patterns of evolutionary morphogenesis under artificial selection.
Hedera helix, sport, cultivar, repeated mutation, origin of cultivars
1. Єna A. V. Metodika provedennya ekspertizi sortіv plyuscha zvichaynogo (Hedera helix L.) na vіdmіnnіst', odnorіdnіst' і stabіl'nіst'. // Metodika provedennya ekspertizi sortіv roslin grupi dekorativnih na vіdmіnnіst', odnorіdnіst' і stabіl'nіst'. – 2016. – S. 798–810.
2. Ena A. V. Novyy sort Hedera helix ‘Peregreenus’ i nekotorye osobennosti sportoobrazovaniya u plyuscha // Biologiya rasteniy i sadovodstvo: teoriya, innovacii. – 2022a. – T. 163, № 2. – S. 36–44.
3. Ena A. V. Anagenez pri iskusstvennom otbore: istoriya sortov plyuscha // Embriologiya, genetika i biotehnologiya: Materialy VI Mezhdunarodnoy Shkoly-konferencii dlya molodyh uchenyh. Krym (Yalta, 19–23 sentyabrya 2022 g.). – Simferopol': IT «ARIAL», 2022b. – S. 12–14.
4. Ena A. V., Ena Ya. A. K istorii selekcii kul'tivarov plyuscha. I. // Ekosistemy. – 2022. – Vyp. 31. – S. 34–38.
5. Ena A. V., Ena Ya. A. K istorii selekcii kul'tivarov plyuscha. II. // Ekosistemy. – 2023. – Vyp. 35. – S. 155– 161.
6. Fedorov Al. A., Kirpichnikov M. E., Artyushenko Z. T. Atlas po opisatel'noy morfologii vysshih rasteniy.
7. List. – M.–L.: Izd-vo AN SSSR, 1956. – 304 s.
8. Hatch L. C. The IvyFile. – Cultivar.org. New Ornamentals Society, Raleigh, North Carolina // www.cultivar.org. – Accessed 20.02.2024.
9. Heieck I. Hedera Sorten. Ihre Entstehung und Geschichte dargestellt am Sortiment der Gärtnerei Abtei Neuburg. – Heidelberg, 1980. – 134 s.
10. Hönemann A. Arten und Sorten // Informationen der Deutschen Efeu-gesellschaft e.V. http://efeu-ev.org/. – Accessed 08.02.2018.
11. International Code of Nomenclature for Cultivated Plants. Ninth edition / [C. D. Brickell (ed.)] // Scripta Horticulturae. – 2016. – N 18. – xvii + 190 p.
12. McAllister H., Marshall R. Hedera. The complete guide. – London: RHS, 2017. – 430 p.
13. Sulgrove S. M., Windle R. A. Up-coming new registrations // Ivy Journal. – 1998. – Vol. 24. – P. 41–45.
