Russian Federation
The paper presents the results of studies on the biological activity of peat soils in the near-terrace part of the Kii river floodplain (Ob River basin, Tomsk region). Indicators of their fertility are given based on the fractional composition of organic matter and nitrogen. The range of changes in enzymatic activity in floodplain virgin peat soils was determined: invertase 36.3–42.2 mg glucose/(g*4 h)), urease 0.3–1.5 mg NH3/(g*24 h), catalase 0.6–2.6 cm3 O2/(g*2 min), ferrireductase 75.3–120.0 mg reduced Fe2+/100 g, sulfate reductase 1.5–8.0 mg reduced SO42-/( g*48 h); nitrate reductase 0.2–0.8 mg reduced NO3—/(g*24 h), nitrite reductase 0.8–1.4 mg of reduced NO2—/(g*24 h), peroxidase 0.27–0.39 mg l.4 n-benzoquinone/(g*30 min), polyphenol oxidase 0.25–0.40 mg l.4 n-benzoquinone/(g*30 min). It was found that the drainage system with a drainage option of 0.8×25 m created the proper level of optimization of the biological regime in drained floodplain peat soils and provided a high yield of perennial grasses. The process of activation of the biological regime was realized over a 3-year period at the stage of hydrolase enzyme activity. The research clearly demonstrated the importance of the enzymatic factor as an indicator of the ecological state of peat soils. It was revealed that existing assessments of enzymatic activity for mineral soils are not suitable for assessing the biological state of peat soils and therefore in the future it is necessary to develop it directly for peat soils.
floodplain, river basin, Ob River, peat soils, soil properties, hydrolases, oxidoreductases.
1. Efremova T. T., Efremov S. P., Avrova A. F. Sezonnaya aktivnost' pochvennoy peroksidazy v osushennyh bolotnyh sosnyakah Zapadnoy Sibiri: sistemno-ekologicheskiy analiz // Pochvovedenie. – 2023.
2. Zvyagincev D. G. Biologicheskaya aktivnost' pochv i shkaly dlya ocenki nekotoryh ee pokazateley // Pochvovedenie. – 1978. – № 6. – S. 48–54.
3. Kuprevich V. F. Pochvennaya enzimologiya // Nauchnye trudy. – Minsk, 1974. – T. 4. – 402 s.
4. Lagutina T. B., Shalaginova L. N. Vliyanie raznyh vidov drenazhnyh sistem dlitel'nogo sroka ekspluatacii na rezhim osusheniya poymennyh torfyanyh pochv //Melioraciya i vodnoe hozyaystvo.–2016.– № 6.
5. Mazhayskiy Yu. A., Tomin Yu. A., Tazina S. V., Ikromi F., Pavlov A. A. Optimizaciya parametrov pochvennyh rezhimov lugov Okskoy poymy // Teoreticheskie i prikladnye problemy agropromyshlennogo
6. Naumova G. V., Zhmakova N. A.,Makarova N. L., Rassoha N. F., Ovchinnikova T. F. Enzimaticheskaya aktivnost' torfa estestvennoy i razrabatyvaemoy torfyanoy zalezhi//Prirodopol'zovanie. – 2018. – № 1.
7. Ponomareva V. V., Nikolaeva T. A. Metody izucheniya organicheskogo veschestva v torfyano-bolotnyh pochvah // Pochvovedenie. – 1961. – № 5. – S. 88–95.
8. Pylenok P. I. Vliyanie sedimentacii na kachestvo allyuvial'noy pochvy v poyme reki Oka // Agrofizika. – 2020. – № 4. – S. 7–13.
9. Tehnicheskiy analiz torfa. – M.: Nedra, 1992. – 358 s.
10. Haziev F. H. Funkcional'naya rol' fermentov v pochvennyh processah // Vestnik AN Respubliki Bashkortostan. – 2015. – T. 20, № 2. – S. 14–24.
11. Haziev H. F. Fermentativnaya aktivnost' pochv. – M., 1976. – 180 s.
12. Burns R. G., De Forest J. L., Marken J. Soil enzymes in changing environment: current knowledge and future directions // Soil Biology and Biochemistry. – 2013. – Vol. 58, N 2. – P. 216–247.
13. Kim S. Y., Zhou X., Freeman C., Kang H. Changing thermal sensitivity of bacterial communities and soil enzymes in a bog peat in spring, summer and autumn // Applied Soil Ecology. – 2022. – Vol. 173.
14. Makoi J. H., Ndakidemi P. A. Selected soil enzymes: Examples of their potential roles in the ecosystem // African Journal of Biotecnology. – 2008. – Vol. 7, N 3. – P. 181–193.
15. Szajdak L. W., Inisheva L. I., Lapshina E. D., Styła K., Gaca W., Meysner T., Szczepański M. The xanthine oxidase and phenol oxidase activity of natural peat and peat-moorsh soils // West Siberian Peatlands
16. Present Proceedings of the Fourth International Field Symposium (Novosibirsk, August 4–17, 2014). – Tomsk: Publishing
17. House of Tomsk University, 2014. – P. 30–32.
