Sodium-glucose cotransporter type 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors represent an important achievement in modern phar macology due to their multifactorial therapeutic effects and prospects for use in various fields of medicine. Originally developed for the treatment of type 2 diabetes, these drugs demonstrate significant benefits in the management of cardiovascular and renal diseases, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), as well as in the context of other patholo gies. The article discusses the results of clinical and experimental studies confirming the effectiveness of drugs such as dapagliflozin, empagliflozin, sotagliflozin, ipragliflozin and tofogliflozin. Drugs of this group reduce blood glucose levels by increasing its excretion through the kidneys, have cardioprotective and nephroprotective effects, and also contribute to improving the metabolic profile and weight loss. Special attention is paid to their ability to reduce inflam matory processes and prevent tissue damage. In addition to glycemic control, SGLT2 inhibitors have demonstrated their effectiveness in reducing the risk of hospitalization and mortality in heart failure, improving kidney function, and slowing the progression of chronic kidney disease. The use of drugs also has a positive effect on liver histological pa rameters and metabolism in patients with NAFLD, which makes them promising for the treatment of this disease even in patients without diabetes. The conclusions of the article confirm the universality of SGLT2 inhibitors and their impor tance in the complex treatment of diseases with a metabolic component. The prospects of using these drugs open up opportunities for their wider use in personalized medicine, which contributes to improving the quality of life of patients and reducing the risk of complications. The sources used include publications from 2020 to 2024, available in Science Direct, PubMed, ResearchGate, Scilight Press, CyberLeninka, ChemSpider, Databases & literature updating services.
type 2 sodium-glucose cotransporter inhibitors, SGLT2 inhibitors, type 2 diabetes mellitus, heart failure, chronic kidney disease, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, metabolism, cardioprotection, nephroprotection
1. Ryaboshapkina M., Ye R., Ye Y. i dr. Effects of Dapagliflozin on Myocardial Gene Expression in BTBR Mice with Type 2 Diabetes. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther. 2023. doihttps://doi.org/10.1007/s10557-023-07517-1.
2. Nasonova S.N., Zhirov I.V., Tereschenko S.N. Hronicheskaya serdechnaya nedostatochnost' - izmenenie paradigmy lecheniya. Consilium Medicum. 2022;(1).
3. Kanorskiy S. G. Novye principy lecheniya hronicheskoy serdechnoy nedostatochnosti: fenomen ingibitorov natriy-glyukoznogo kotransportera 2-go tipa. MS. 2022;(17).
4. Hu K., Jiang P., Hu J., et. al. Dapagliflozin attenuates LPS-induced myocardial injury by reducing ferroptosis. J Bioenerg Biomembr. 2024;56:361-371. doihttps://doi.org/10.1007/s10863-024-10020-3.
5. Roy M., Parveen R., Khan P., Majid H., Pathak M., Saxena R., Nidhi. A systematic review on effect of sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors on the metabolic and endocrinological profile of patients with polycystic ovarian
6. Raz I., Mosenzon O, Bonaca MP idr. DECLARE-TIMI 58: ishodnye harakteristiki uchastnikov. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2018;20(5):11021110. doihttps://doi.org/10.1111/dom.13217.
7. Vargas-Ramírez C. U., Posadas-Posadas V., Ochoa-Précoma R. i dr. Dapagliflozin treatment decreases visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Diabetol Int. 2024.
8. Verma S., McMurray J. J. V. SGLT2 inhibitors and mechanisms of cardiovascular benefit: a state-of the-art review. Diabetologia. 2018;61(10):2108-17. doihttps://doi.org/10.1007/s00125-018-4670-7
9. Careva A. A., Razin V. A., Kosinov S. S. Dinamika hronicheskoy serdechnoy nedostatochnosti s nizkoy frakciey vybrosa pri vklyuchenii v standartnuyu terapiyu dapagliflozina. LV. 2024;(3).
10. Williams D. M., Evans M. Are SGLT-2 inhibitors the future of heart failure treatment? The EMPEROR-Preserved and EMPEROR-Reduced trials. Diabetes Ther. 2020;11(9):1925-1934.
11. Koshino A., Neuen B.L., Jongs N., et. al. Effects of dapagliflozin and dapagliflozin-saxagliptin on erythropoiesis, iron and inflammation markers in patients with type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease: data from the
12. Brown E., Heerspink H., Cuthbertson D., Wilding J. SGLT2 inhibitors and GLP1 receptor agonists: established and emerging indications. Lancet. 2021;398. doihttps://doi.org/10.1016/S01406736(21)00536-5.
13. Mkrtumyan A.M., Markova T.N., Mischenko N.K. Kardioprotektivnye mehanizmy ingibitorov natriy-glyukoznogo kotransportera 2 tipa. Saharnyy diabet. 2021;24(3):291-299. doihttps://doi.org/10.14341/DM12541/
14. Leonova M.V. Ingibitory natriy-glyukoznogo kotransportera 2: mehanizmy kardiorenal'noy zaschity. ConsiliumMedicum. 2024;(4).
15. Bhatt A. S., Bhatt D. L., Steg P. G., Szarek M., Cannon C. P., Leiter L. A., McGuire D. K., Lewis J. B., Riddle M. C., Voors A. A., Metra M., Lund L. H., Testani J. M., Wilcox C. S., Davies M., Pitt B., Kosiborod M. N. Effects of
16. Dholariya S., Dutta S., Singh R., Parchwani D., Sonagra A., Kaliya M. Bexagliflozin, a sodium glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor, for improvement of glycemia in type 2 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-
17. Arnott C., Li Q., Kang A., et al. Sodium glucose cotransporter 2 inhibition for the prevention of cardiovascular events in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta analysis. J Am Heart Assoc. 2020 ;
18. Rakisheva A.G., Kuanyshbekova R.T. Obnovlennye rekomendacii Evropeyskogo obschestva kardiologov po serdechnoy nedostatochnosti 2023 goda. RKZh. 2024;S2.
19. Gogoleva S. P., Ametov A. S., Shabalina A. A. i dr. Vliyanie dapagliflozina na markery metabolicheskogo zdorov'ya pri saharnom diabete 2 tipa. Endokrinologiya: Novosti. Mneniya. Obuchenie. 2023;(4):45.
20. Shamhalova M. Sh, Suhareva O. Yu., Shestakova M. V. Subanalizy issledovaniya DAPACKD: novye dannye po primeneniyu ingibitora natriy-glyukoznogo kotransportera 2-go tipa v terapii hronicheskoy bolezni
21. Gogoleva S. P., Ametov A. S., Shabalina A. A. Vliyanie dapagliflozina na zhirovoy i uglevodnyy obmen u pacientov s saharnym diabetom 2 tipa. Doktor.Ru. 2023;(4).
22. Bauza N., Porredon-Antelo C., Moisés Minchola-Lavado D., et al. 5PSQ-111 sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors after heart transplantation. Eur J Hosp Pharm. 2024;31:A215.1-A215.
23. Kanbay M., Demiray A., Afsar B., et al. Sodium glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors for diabetes mellitus control after kidney transplantation: review of the current evidence. Nephrology. 2021;26.
24. Zhou Z., Wang D., Wu J. Role of sodium glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor in hypertension. Int J Drug Discov Pharmacol. 2022;1(1):8. doihttps://doi.org/10.53941/ijddp.v1i1.175.
25. Somagutta M., Jain M., Uday U., et al. Novel antidiabetic medications in polycystic ovary syndrome. Discoveries. 2022;10. doihttps://doi.org/10.15190/d.2022.4.
26. Gogoleva S. P., Ametov A. S., Chernikova N. A. i dr. Dinamika pokazateley lipidnogo obmena na fone terapii dapagliflozinom u pacientov s saharnym diabetom 2-go tipa. Lechebnoe delo. 2023;(4).
27. Prihod'ko V. A., Okovityy S. V., Kulikov A. N. Glifloziny pri nealkogol'noy zhirovoy bolezni pecheni: perspektivy primeneniya za granicami diabeta, kardio- i nefroprotekcii. Terapiya. 2023;9(7):130-141.
28. Takeshita Y., Honda M., Harada K., Kita Y., Takata N., Tsujiguchi H., Tanaka T., Goto H., NakanoY., Iida N., Arai K., Yamashita T., Mizukoshi E., Nakamura H., Kaneko S., Takamura T. Comparison of Tofogliflozin and
29. Sui W., Yang H., Desai M., et al. The potential role of sodium/glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors in the treatment of cystinuria. Urolithiasis. 2024;52:168. doihttps://doi.org/10.1007/s00240-024-01666-0.
30. Gontarz K., Dorecka M., Kominek E. Ophthalmological aspects of therapy with sodium glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors – a new group of hypoglycemic drugs. Ophthalmology. 2023;54-58. doihttps://doi.org/10.5114/oku/178046
