Diabetes mellitus (DM) is one of severe and progressive endocrine system diseases that occur in childhood. Type 1 DM, the form most commonly seen in children and adolescents, develops as an autoimmune process that gradually inflicts damage and causes death of pancreatic β cells. During its course MD gives rise to a number of severe complications, the most significant of which is the dysfunction and damage of the central nervous system (CNS). The leading causes of CNS damage in DM can be subdivided into vascular, metabolic, neurodegenerative and inflammatory. The main clinical presentation of DM in pediatric practice is cognitive impairment, characterized by a decline in memory and intellectual function. Despite the success that have been achieved in the MD treatment field, prevention and detection of CNS function impairment occurring in this disease remains an important direction for research in the endocrine practice, especially when treating children and adolescents.
diabetes mellitus, central nervous system dysfunction, cognitive impairment, prevention, children and adolescents
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