Currently, pandemic caused by coronavirus infection is the most acute and serious problem in the world. It’s known that the virus damage`s the alveocytes of the lungs, causing pneumonia and / or acute respiratory distress syndrome. However, it is not only the lungs are targeted by SARS-CoV-2. The article provides an overview of cases of heart damage in sick sufferers COVID-19 infection. We have studied foreign and domestic scientific publications concerning cases of damage to the cardiovascular system in general, and the heart in particular. The study, analysis and review of the data was carried out from December 2019 to June 2020. Scientific papers on this topic have been found on platforms such as PubMed, Europe PubMed Central, Elsevier Science Direct, Elsevier Open Science, Springer Open, Bielefeld Academic Search Engine, and Scientific electronic library eLibrary.ru.
COVID-19, heart damage, troponin, myoglobin, NT-proBNP, COVID-19 infection, SARS- CoV-2
1. Informacionnye resursy Ministerstva zdravoohraneniya RF dlya monitoringa epidemiologicheskoy obstanovki po COVID-19. Dostupno po: https://covid19.rosminzdrav.ru/ Ssylka aktivna na 05.10.2020.
2. Vremennye metodicheskie rekomendacii diagnostika, profilaktika koronavirusnoy novoy lechenie i 19-covid infekcii [arhiv] Dostupno po: https://static0.rosminzdrav.ru/system/ attachments/attaches/000/050/584/original/03062020_ MR_COVID-19_v7.pdf
3. Naimenovanie zabolevaniya, vyzvannogo koronavirusom (COVID-19), i virusnogo vozbu- ditelya. Vsemirnaya organizaciya zdravoohraneniya. Data obrascheniya 27 iyunya 2020 [arhiv]. Dostupno po: https://www.who.int/ru/emergencies/diseases/ novel-coronavirus-2019/technical-guidance/naming- the-coronavirus-disease-(covid-2019)-and-the-virus- that-causes-i
4. Huang, C., Wang Y., Li X., Ren L., Zhao J., Hu Y., Zhang L., Fan G., Xu J., Gu X., Cheng Z., Yu T., Xia J., Wei Y., Wu W., Xie X., Yin W., Li H., Liu M., Xiao Y., Gao H., Guo L., Xie J., Wang G., Jiang R., Gao Z., Jin Q., Wang J., Cao B. Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China. Lancet. 2020;395:497-506. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30183-5.
5. Fang L., Wenhui L., Michael F., Stephen C.H. Structure of SARS coronavirus spike receptor-binding domain somplexed with receptor. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism.950;10(10):1361-2. doihttps://doi.org/10.1126/SCIENCE.1116480.
6. Kuba K., Imai Y., Rao S., Gao H., Guo F., Guan B., Huan Y., Yang P., Zhang Y., Deng W., Bao L., Zhang B., Liu G., Wang Z., Chappell M., Liu Y., Zheng D., Leibbrandt A., Wada T., Slutsky A. S., Liu D., Qin C., Jiang C., Penninger J. M. A crucial role of angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) in SARS coronavirus induced lung injury. Nature Medicine. 2005;11(8):875- 9. doi:https://doi.org/10.1038/nm1267.
7. Vaarala M. H., Porvari K. S., Kellokumpu S., Kyllcnen A. P., Vihko P. T. Expression of transmembrane serine protease TMPRSS2 in mouse and human tissues. Journal of Pathology. 2001;193(1):134-40. doihttps://doi.org/10.1002/1096-9896(2000)9999:9999<::AID- PATH743>3.0.CO;2-T.
8. Liu Y., Yan L., Wan L., Xiang T., Le A., Liu J.,Peiris J. S., Poon L. M., Zhang W. Viral dynamics in mild and severe cases of COVID-19. The Lancet Infectious Diseases. 2019; 2020(20):2019-20. doihttps://doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(20)30232-2
9. Kwong J. C. , Schwartz K. L., Campitelli M.A., Chung H., Crowcroft N. S. , Karnauchow T., Katz K., Ko D. T., McGeer A. J., McNally D., Richardson D. C., Rosella L. C., Simor A., Smieja M., Zahariadis G., Gubbay J. B. Acute myocardial infarction after laboratory-confirmed influenza infection. The New England Journal of Medicine. 2018;378(26):2538-41. doihttps://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1702090.
10. Smeeth L., Thomas S. L., Hall A. J., Hubbard R., Farrington P. Vallance P. Risk of myocardial infarction and stroke after acute infection or vaccination. The New England Journal of Medicine.2004;351(25):2611-8. doihttps://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa041747.
11. Driggin E., Madhavan M. V., Bikdeli B., Chuich T., Laracy J., Biondi-Zoccai G., Brown T.S., Nigoghossian C. D., Zidar D. A., Haythe J., Brodie D., Beckman J. A, Kirtane A. J., Stone G. W., Krumholz H. M., Parikh S. A. Cardiovascular considerations for patients, health care workers, and health systems during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 2020;75(18):2352-2371. doihttps://doi.org/10.1016/j. jacc.2020.03.031.
12. Tang N., Li D., Wang X., Sun Z. Abnormal coagulation parameters are associated with poor prognosis in patients with novel coronavirus pneumonia. Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis 2020; 1-4. doihttps://doi.org/10.1111/jth.14768.
13. Hu H., Ma F., Wei X., Fang Y. Coronavirus fulminant myocarditis saved with glucocorticoid and human immunoglobulin Hongde. European Heart Journal. 2020;1307800. doihttps://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehaa190.
14. Chen C., Zhou Y., Wen Wang D. SARS-CoV-2: a potential novel etiology of fulminant myocarditis. Herz. 2020;10-2. doihttps://doi.org/10.1007/s00059-020-04909-z.
15. Zeng J.H., Liu Y., Yuan J., Wang F., Wu W., Li J., Wang L., Gao H., Wang Y., Dong C., Li Y., Xie X., Feng C., Liu L. First case of COVID-19 infection with fulminant myocarditis complication: case report and insights. Infection.2020;10:1-5. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s15010- 020-01424-5.
16. Luo W., Yu H., Gou J., Li X., Sun Y., Li J. Clinical pathology of critical patient with coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19). Pre- Prints. 2020;1-14.
17. Xu X., Gao X. Immunological responses against SARS-coronavirus infection in humans. Cellular & Molecular Immunology. 2004;1(2):119-22.
18. Wang Y.D., Sin Wan-Yee Fion, Xu Guo-Bing, Yang Huang-Hua, Yong X. T-cell epitopes in severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) coronavirus spike protein elicit a specific T-cell immune response in patients who recover from SARS. Journal of Virology. 2004;78(14):7861. doihttps://doi.org/10.1128/JVI.78.11.5612-5618.
19. Alhogbani T. Acute myocarditis associated with novel Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus. Annals of Saudi Medicine. 2016;36(1):78- 80. doihttps://doi.org/10.5144/0256-4947.2016.78.
20. Ruan Q., Yang K., Wang W., Jiang L., Song J. Clinical predictors of mortality due to COVID-19 based on an analysis of data of 150 patients from Wuhan, China. Intensive Care Medicine. 2020; 46(5):846-848. doihttps://doi.org/10.1007/s00134-020-05991-x.
21. Mehta P., McAuley D. F., Brown M., Sanchez E., Tattersall R. S., Manson J. J. Correspondence COVID-19: consider cytokine storm syndromes and immunosuppression. Lancet. 2020;6736(20):19-20. doihttps://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30628-0.
22. Chen G., Wu D., Guo W., Cao Y., Huang D., Wang H., Zhang X., Chen H., Yu H., Zhang X., Zhang M., Wu S., Song J., Chen T., Han M., Li S., Luo X., Zhao J., Ning Q. Clinical and immunologic features in severe and moderate forms of coronavirus disease 2019. Journal of Clinical Investigation.2020; 1;130 (5):2620- 2629. doihttps://doi.org/10.1172/JCI137244.
23. Alvi R.M., Frigault M. J., Fradley M. G., Jain M. D., Mahmood S. S., Awadalla M., Lee D. H., Zlotoff D. A., Zhang L., Drobni Z. D., Malek Z. O., Bassily E., Isaac R., Ismail-Khan R., Mulligan C. P., Banerji D., Lazaryan A., Shah B. D., Rokicki A., Raje N., Chavez J. C., Abramson J., Locke F. L. Cardiovascular events among adults treated with chimeric antigen receptor T-cells (CAR-T). Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 2019;74(25):3099-108. doihttps://doi.org/10.1016/j. jacc.2019.10.038.
24. Wang D., Hu B., Hu C., Zhu F., Liu X., Zhang J., Wang B., Xiang H., Cheng Z., Xiong Y., Zhao Y., Li Y., Wang X., Peng Z. Clinical characteristics of 138 hospitalized patients with 2019 novel coronavirus-infected pneumonia in Wuhan, China. JAMA.2020;7;323(11):1061-1069. doi:10.1001/ jama.2020.1585.
25. Jing-Wei Li, Han Tian-Wen, Woodward M., Anderson C. S., Zhou H., Chen Yun-Dai, Neal B. The impact of 2019 novel coronavirus on heart injury: A Systematicreview and Meta-analysis. Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases. 2020; 16;S0033-0620 (20)30080-3. doi:10.1016 / j. pcad.2020.04.008.
26. Ying-Ying Zheng, Ma Yi-Tong, Jin-Ying Zhang, Xie X. COVID-19 and the cardiovascular system. Nature Reviews Cardiology. 2020;17(5):259- 260. doi:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41569-020-0360-5
27. Adriano N.C., Tagliari A. P., Forleo G. B., Fassini G. M., Tondo C. Cardiac and arrhythmic complications in patients with COVID-19 Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology. 2020;31 (5):1003- 1008. doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/jce.14479.
28. Yang X., Xu J., Shu H., Xia J., Liu H., Wu Y., Zhang L., Yu Z., Fang M., Yu T., Wang Y., Pan S., Zou X., Yuan S., Shang Y. Clinical course and outcomes of critically ill patients with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a single-centered, retrospective, observational study. The Lancet Respiratory Medicine. 2020;8(5):475-481. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/S2213- 2600(20)30079-5.
29. He X.W., Lai J. S., Cheng J., Wang M. W., Liu Y. J., Xiao Z. C., Xu C., Li S. S., Zeng H. S. Impact of complicated myocardial injury on the clinical outcome of severe or critically ill COVID-19 patients. Zhonghua Xin Xue Guan Bing Za Zhi 2020;48,E011. doi: https://doi.org/10.3760/cma.j.cn112148-20200228-00137.
30. Zhou F., Yu T., Du R., Fan G., Liu Y., Liu Z., Xiang J., Wang Y., Song B., Gu X., Guan L., Wei Y., Li H., Wu X., Xu J., Tu S., Zhang Y., Chen H., Cao B. Clinical course and risk factors for mortality of adult inpatients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: a retrospective cohort study. The Lancet 2020;395(10229):1054-1062. doihttps://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30566-3.
31. Fu L., Fei J., Xiang Hui-Xian, Xiang Y., Tan Zhu-Xia , Li Meng-Die, Liu Fang-Fang, Liu Hong- Yan, Zheng L., Li Y. Influence factors of death risk among COVID-19 patients in Wuhan, China: a hospital-based case-cohort study. MedRxiv.2020. doi:https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.03.13.20035329
32. Chen T., Wu D., Chen H., Yan W., Yang D., Chen G., Ma K., Xu D., Yu H., Wang H., Wang T., Guo W., Chen J., Ding C., Clinical characteristics of 113 deceased patients with coronavirus disease 2019: retrospective study. BMJ. 2020;368:m1091. doi:https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.m1091.
33. Zhang F., Zhang F., Yang D., Li J., Gao P., Chen T., Cheng Z., Cheng K., Fang Q., Pan W., Fan H., Wu Y., Li L., Fang Y., Liu J., Tian G., He L. Myocardial injury is associated with in-hospital mortality of confirmed or suspected COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: a single center retrospective cohort study. MedRxiv; 2020. doi:https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.03.21.20040121
34. Liu Y., Li J., Liu D., Song H., Chen C. Clinical features and outcomes of 2019 novel coronavirusinfected patients with cardiac injury. MedRxiv; 2020. doihttps://doi.org/10.1101/2020.03.11.20030957
35. Guo T., Fan Y., Chen M., Wu X., Zhang L., He T., Wang H., Wan J., Wang X., Lu Z. Cardiovascular implications of fatal outcomes of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). JAMA Cardiology. 2020.5(7):811-818. doi:10.1001/ jamacardio.2020.1017
36. Liu J., Zhang L., Zhu F., Xie L., Wang C., Wang J., Chen R. Clinical characteristics and treatment of patients infected with COVID-19 in Shishou, China. SSRN Pre-Print.. doihttps://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3541147
37. Inciardi R.M., Lupi L., Zaccone G., Italia L., Raffo M., Tomasoni D., Cani D. S., Cerini M., Farina D., Gavazzi E., Maroldi R., Adamo M., Ammirati E., Sinagra G., Lombardi C. M., Metra M. Cardiac involvement in a patient with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). JAMA Cardiology. 2020;5(7):1-6. doihttps://doi.org/10.1001/jamacardio.2020.1096.
38. Stroup D.F., Berlin J. A., Morton S. C., Olkin I., Williamson G. D., Rennie D., Moher D., Becker B. J., Sipe T., Thacker A. S. Meta-analysis of observational studies in epidemiology: a proposal for reporting. Meta analysis Of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (MOOSE) group. JAMA 2000;283:2008-2012. doi:https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.283.15.2008.
39. Rothman K.J., Greenland S, Lash T.L. Modern epidemiology. 2nd ed. USA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Publishers; 2008.
40. Cai Q., Huang D., Ou P. 2019-nCoV pneumonia in a normal work infectious diseases hospital besides Hubei Province, China. doi:10.2139/ ssrn.3542163
41. Lu H., Lu H., Ai J., Shen Y., Li Y., Li T., Zhou X., Zhang H. Zhang Q. Ling Y., Wang S., Qu H., Gao Y., Li Y., Zhu D., Zhu H., Tian R., Zeng M. A descriptive study of the impact of diseases control and prevention on the epidemics dynamics and clinical features of SARS-CoV-2 outbreak in Shanghai, lessons learned formetropolis epidemics prevention. MedRxiv Pre- Print; 2020. doihttps://doi.org/10.1101/2020.02.19.20025031.
42. Shi S., Qin M., Shen B., Cai Y., Liu T., Yang F., Gong W., Liu X., Liang J., Zhao Q., Huang H., Yang B., Huang C. Association of cardiac injury with mortality in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China. JAMA. 2020.25;5(7):802-810. doi: 10.1001/ jamacardio.2020.0950
43. Zheng Y-Y., Ma Yi-Tong, Zhang Jin-Ying, Xie X. COVID-19 and the cardiovascular system. Nature Reviews Cardiology. 2020. 17 (5): 1-2 doi: 10.1038/ s41569-020-0360-5.
44. Kulanthaivel S., Kaliberdenko V.B., Balasundaram K., Shterenshis M.V., Scarpellini E., Abenavoli L. Tocilizumab in SARS-COV-2 Patients with the Syndrome of Cytokine Storm; a Narrative review. Reviews on Recent Clinical Trials. 2020 Sep 17. Epub ahead of print. doihttps://doi.org/10.2174/15748871156662009 17110954. PMID.
45. Wu Z., McGoogan J. M. Characteristics of and important lessons from the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak in China: summary of a report of 72 314 cases from the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention. JAMA. 2020;2019:3- 6.
