The review is devoted to studying the pathogenesis of coronavirus infection in the human body and to determining the key changes that occur after the virus enters the cell. The role of the genome in the occurrence of pathogenetic changes, as well as the mechanism of infection of somatic cells with the SARS-CoV-2 virus, was studied. The entrance gates for the virus are the mucous membranes of the oral and nasal cavities, and the target cells are epithelial cells of the upper respiratory tract, in the lungs-ACE2 receptors, as well as cells of the gastrointestinal tract, kidneys, heart and blood vessels. In the majority of COVID-19 patients with severe to moderate severity disease the most affected system is the respiratory system, in particular, the lungs. Microcirculation disorder in the capillaries leads to the development of pulmonary edema, acute respiratory distress syndrome and/or disseminated intravascular coagulation. One of the main features of the pathogenesis of coronavirus infection is the phenomenon of a «cytokine storm», which is characterized by an increasing amount of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the blood.
coronavirus, pathogenesis, COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, clinical manifestations of coronavirus infection, cytokine storm
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