В балке Каралез-дере, у северо-западного подножия Мангупа в ходе раскопок 1983 г. был выявлен христианский храм. В историографии он известен как раннесредневековая базилика VII–X вв. Несмотря на наличие полевой документации и двух научных отчетов, результаты археологических исследований памятника не были опубликованы. В научный оборот введены лишь эпиграфические находки, дискуссии о датировке которых до сих пор продолжаются среди исследователей. Местонахождение всей археологической коллекции на сегодняшний день неизвестно. В статье впервые публикуются капители из раскопок «Каралезской базилики», обнаруженные в фондах крымских музеев. Особое внимание уделено их архитектурному анализу и датировке. В статье поднят вопрос о планировочной структуре памятника «Каралезская базилика»
«Каралезская базилика», Джан-Дере, Мангуп, раннесредневековая бази- лика, ионическая импостная капитель, коринфская капитель, композитная капитель, сквозная капитель, капитель-корзинка
1. Aibabin A.I., Khairedinova E.A. Krymskie goty strany Dori (seredina III - VII v.) [Crimean Goths in the region of Dory (mid-third to seventh century)]. Simferopol, Antikva Publ., 2017, 366 p.
2. Aibabin A.I. For a Discussion About Epigraphic Evidence of the Activities of Byzantium in the Mountainous Crimea in the 6th Century. Vestnik Volgogradskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Seriya 4. Istoriya. Regionovedenie. Mezhdunarodnye otnosheniya [Science Journal of Volgograd State University. History. Area Studies. International Relations], 2021, vol. 26, no. 6, pp. 6-18. https://doi.org/10.15688/jvolsu4.2021.6.1.
3. Vinogradov A. Byzantine inscriptions of the Northern Black Sea region. Inscriptiones antiquae Orae Septentrionalis Ponti Euxini graecae et latinae, Vol. V, London, 2015. URL: https://iospe.kcl.ac.uk/corpora/byzantine/index-ru.html.
4. Gertsen A.G., Naumenko V.E., Shvedchikova T.Iu. Naselenie Dorosa-Feodoro po rezul’tatam kompleksnogo arkheologo-antropologicheskogo analiza nekropolei Mangupskogo gorodishcha (IV-XVII vv.) [The population of Doros-Theodoro according to the results of a comprehensive archaeological and anthropological analysis of the necropolises of the Mangup settlement (4th-17th centuries)]. Moscow, St Pbetersburg, Nestor-Istoriia Publ., 2017, 272 p.
5. Iozhitsa D.V. Byzantine basilica and its architectural components: some aspects of modern scholarship. Alekseenko N.A. (ed.), ΧΕΡΣΩΝΟΣ ΘΕΜΑΤΑ: imperiia i polis. XII Mezhdunarodnyi vizantiiskii seminar [Chersonos Themata: the empire and the polis. 12th international Byzantine workshop], Simferopol, Kolorit Publ., 2020, pp. 137-141.
6. Iozhitsa D.V. The capitals excavated at the Karalez basilica. Alekseenko N.A. (ed.), ΧΕΡΣΩΝΟΣ ΘΕΜΑΤΑ: imperiia i polis. XIV Mezhdunarodnyi vizantiiskii seminar [Chersonos Themata: the empire and the polis. 14th international Byzantine workshop], Simferopol, Kolorit Publ., 2022, pp. 99-112.
7. Kirilko V.P. Two-apse temples of Taurica. Drevniaia i srednevekovaia Tavrika [Ancient and medieval Taurica], Donetsk, Donbas Publ., 2012, pp. 219-223.
8. Kondakov N.P. Arkheologicheskoe puteshestvie po Sirii i Palestine [Archaeological journey through Syria and Palestine]. St Petersburg, Academy of Sciences Publ., 1904.
9. Romanchuk A.I. Excavations of a settlement in the lower reaches of the Belbek River. Antichnaia drevnost’ i srednie veka [Antiquity and the Middle Ages], 1976, vol. 13, pp. 9-26.
10. Sidorenko V.A. Procopis of Caesarea’s “Goths” in the Region of Dory and the “Long Walls” in the Crimea. Materialy po arkheologii, istorii i etnografii Tavrii [Materials in Archaeology, History and Ethnography of Tauria], 1991, vol. 2, pp. 105-122.
11. Sidorenko V.A. Report on archaeological research in 1983 in the vicinity of Mangup. Early medieval burial ground in the Almalyk ravine, a complex of an early medieval basilica and temple of the 10th-13th centuries. under the slope of the western cape. Simferopol, 1984. Scientific archive of the Institute of Archeology of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, D. 1983/133.
12. Sidorenko V.A. Report on archaeological research in 1983 in the vicinity of Mangup. An early medieval burial ground in the Almalyk gully, a complex of an early medieval basilica and temple of the 10th-13th centuries. under the slope of the western cape. Illustrations for the description of the finds. Tab. 1-34. Scientific archive of the Institute of Archeology of the Crimea RAS, Book. B, Inv. No. 204, Papka 459.
13. Sidorenko V.A. Report on archaeological research in the vicinity of Mangup in 1984. Simferopol, 1985. Scientific archive of the Institute of Archeology of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, D. 1984/7g.
14. Sidorenko V.A. The fragment of a decree of Roman time from medieval basilica near Mangoup. Materialy po arkheologii, istorii i etnografii Tavrii [Materials in Archaeology, History and Ethnography of Tauria], 1996, vol. 5, pp. 35-59.
15. Khrushkova L.G. Early byzantine capitals from the South-Western Crimea. Uchenye zapiski Krymskogo federal’nogo universiteta imeni V.I. Vernadskogo. Seriia «Istoricheskie nauki» [Scientific notes of the V.I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University. Series “Historical Sciences”], 2016, T. 2 (68), No. 2, pp. 137-162.
16. Khrushkova L.G. Tauric Chersonesos: architectural decor of the “basilica 1935”. Voprosy vseobshchei istorii arkhitektury [Questions of the general history of architecture], 2017, vol. 9, pp. 41-70.
17. Khrushkova L.G. Proconnesian marble in Tauric Chersonesus: capitals with thin jagged acanthus. Vizantiiskii vremennik [Byzantina Xronika], 2011, vol. 70, pp. 174-191.
18. Khrushkova L.G. Early Byzantine capitals from Tauric Chersonesus. Materialy po arkheologii i istorii antichnogo i srednevekovogo Prichernomor’ia [Materials on archeology and history of the ancient and medieval Black Sea region], 2019, vol. 11, pp. 1-167.
19. Iakobson A.L. Rannesrednevekovyi Khersones: Ocherki istorii material’noi kul’tury [Early Medieval Chersonese: Essays on the History of Material Culture]. Moscow, Leningrad, Academy of Sciences Publ., 1959, 364 p.
20. Biernacki A.B. Wczesnobizantyjskie elementy i detale architektoniczne Chersonezu Taurydzkiego. Poznań, Wydawnictwo Poznańskie, 2009, 328 p.
21. Buchwald H., Zavadskaya I. Early Christian basilicas in Crimea and their numeric proportions. Materialy po arkheologii, istorii i etnografii Tavrii [Materials in Archaeology, History and Ethnography of Tauria], 2013, vol. 18, pp. 14-48.
22. Kautszch R. Kapitellstudien. Beiträge zu einer Geschichte des spätantiken Kapitelle im Osten vom vierten bis ins siebente Jahrhundert. Berlin, Leipzig, Verlag von Walter de Gruyter & Co., 1936.
23. Khrushkova L.G. Chersonesus in the Crimea: early byzantine capitals with fine-toothed acanthus leaves. Tsetskhladze G.R. (ed.), The Black Sea, Paphlagonia, Pontus and Phrygia in Antiquity. Aspects of archaeology and ancient history. BAR International Series 2432, Oxford, 2012, pp. 129-139.
24. Kramer I. Bemerkungen zu den Methoden der Klassifizierung und Datierung fruhchristlicher ostromischer Kapitelle. Peschlow U., Moller S. (Hrsg.), Spatantike und byzantinische Bauskulptur: Beitrage eines Symposions in Mainz, Februar 1994. Stuttgart, Franz Steiner, 1998, pp. 43-58.
25. Niewöhner P. Byzantine Ornaments in Stone, Architectural Sculpture and Liturgical Furnishings. Berlin, Boston, de Gruyter, 2021, 188 p.
26. Schneider A.-M. Die Grabung im Westhof der Sophienkirche zu Istanbul. Berlin, 1941, 45 p.
27. Sidorenko V.A. Funde aus dem Umfeld des Mangup. Byzanz. Pracht und Alltag, Bonn, München, Hirmer Verlag, 2010, pp. 313-314.
28. Sodini J.-P. La sculpture architecturale à lépoque paléochrétienne en Illyricum. Actes du Xe Congrès international d’archéologie chrétienne. Thessalonique, 28 sept. - 5 oct. 1980. Vol. 1, Città del Vaticano, Pontificio Istituto di archeologia cristiana, 1984, pp. 31-117.
