Понимание религии требует объяснения причин единовременного существования универсального и различного в вере в сверхъестественное, в проведении религиозных обрядов и ритуалов в разных культурах, а также причин, по которым религия так часто ассоциируется как с крупномасштабным сотрудничеством, так и с постоянными групповыми конфликтами. Наметившиеся направления исследований позволяют предположить, что эти противоречия возникают в результате конвергенции трех процессов. Во-первых, взаимодействие определенных устойчиво развивающихся когнитивных процессов, таких как человеческая способность делать выводы о присутствии интенциональных агентов, способствует – как побочный продукт эволюции – распространению определенных видов контринтуитивных концепций. Во-вторых, участие в обрядах, включающих дорогостоящие ритуальные демонстрации, задействует различные аспекты сформированной психологии человека для усиления приверженности к сверхъестественным агентам и религиозным сообществам. В-третьих, конкуренция между обществами и организациями с различными религиозными убеждениями и практиками все больше связывает религию не только с внутригрупповой просоциальностью, но и с межгрупповой враждебностью. Эта связь значительно укрепилась за последние тысячелетия как часть эволюции комплексных обществ и важна для понимания сотрудничества и конфликтов в современном мире.
гипотеза побочного продукта, укрепляющие доверие демонстрации, культурная трансмиссия, кооперация, конкурентная борьба, верховные божества, мини- мально контринтуитивные концепции, мораль, религия, подъем цивилизации
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