В статье рассматриваются разные типы лампад, выявленные в слоях средневекового времени в Херсонесе. Все типы были широко распространены на территории Средиземноморско-Причерноморского региона, и практически все, появившись в ранневизантийское время, бытовали на протяжении всего средневековья, а некоторые производятся до сих пор. Однако, их бытование в Херсонесе имеет свою специфику: некоторые типы появляются несколько позже, чем на других территориях империи, другие отсутствуют вовсе, как, например, лампады со сплошной ножкой с перехватами или лампады со стеклянной трубкой для фитиля, а соотношение разных типов с течением времени меняется. Первыми в Херсонесе, как и в других центрах византийского мира, в качестве осветительных приборов начали использовать конические кубки с округлым или заостренным дном, которые доминируют на протяжении IV–V вв. В VI в. появляются конические лампады с бутонообразной ножкой, которые в Херсонесе бытуют до конца жизни города, хотя в других центрах византийского мира они зафиксированы исключительно в комплексах ранневизантийского времени. В конце V в. появляются лампады с узкой полой ножкой, которые доминируют на протяжении всего ранневизантийского периода. Позднее их использование резко сокращается, и им на смену приходят лампады с небольшой полой каплевидной ножкой, которые в Херсонесе встречаются в комплексах до XIII в. включительно. Короткие округлые ножки, которые могли принадлежать лампадам, бытовавшим с ранневизантийского времени, в Херсонесе выявлены в комплексах XIII в., за исключением одной, найденной в комплексе XI–XII вв. Лампады со свисающей сплошной цилиндрической ножкой, оттянутой от тулова сосуда, в других регионах Средиземноморья бытуют с ранневизантийского времени. Однако в Херсонесе они встречаются только в комплексах XI–XII вв., а сплошные длинные ножки, сформованные отдельно от тулова сосуда, выявлены не только в комплексах XI–XII вв., но и более позднего времени. Лампады с длинной свисающей ножкой со сферическим завершением представлены в Херсонесе лишь двумя экземплярами, происходящими из комплексов второй половины VI и XIII вв., что, в общем, соответствует времени бытования этого типа лампад в других центрах. Многочисленным и разнообразным лампадам с ручками будет посвящена отдельная публикация.
Херсонес, стеклянные лампады, комплексы VI–XIII вв.
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