Россия
Византийский Херсон, главный форпост империи в Северном Причерноморье, находился на юго-западной оконечности Крымского полуострова. В статье рассматриваются новые названия города, а затем его развалин, возникшие в XIV–XVIII вв. По свидетельству письменных источников, город окончательно пришел в упадок и был оставлен жителями в середине – третьей четверти XV в. Но еще до этого момента жившие в окрестностях тюрки стали называть его Сары-Кермен – «Желтая крепость». От них этот топоним сначала попал к арабским писателям, а позднее и к западноевропейским путешественникам и картографам. Позднее возникли новые названия города. В XVII в. источники зафиксировали ойконим Топе-Таркан – «Холм князя», а в XVIII в. – Чурч, то есть искаженное Χερσών. Очевидно, топонимы использовались одновременно. В это время христианские авторы продолжали называть город «Херсоном», но зачастую не помнили, где именно он находился. Данная ситуация отразила изменения в этнической и языковой среде Таврики в результате монгольского (XIII в.) и османского (XV в.) завоеваний, а также то обстоятельство, что через какое-то время после ухода жителей из Херсона его история была забыта жителями региона. В результате вокруг городища возникли различные легенды, а развалины на противоположном (восточном) берегу совр. Карантинной бухты, вероятно, стали называть «городом Салунией».
византийский Херсон, Крым, топонимика, Сары-Кермен, Топе-Таркан, Чурч, Салуния
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