Современная концепция истории Мангупского городища середины IX – середины XI в., когда крепость входила в состав византийской фемы в Крыму, была сформулирована А. Г. Герценым еще в 1990 г. В статье рассматриваются полученные за последние годы новые материалы археологических исследований памятника, которые позволяют внести в нее существенные коррек- тивы. Приведенный в работе обзор археологических объектов и комплексов середины IX – середины XI в. на территории городища показывает, что на протяжении всего этого времени Мангуп-Дорос сохранял характер крупной, хорошо укрепленной византийской крепости, основная линия обороны которой проходила вдоль внешней кромки Мангупского плато. Очень важными являются впервые выявленные в ходе раскопок следы крупных ремонтов и реконструкций фортификационной системы крепости, датированные серединой IX в. и концом Х в. Это свидетельствует о том, что поддержание в боевом состоянии оборонительной системы городища являлось одной из главных задач, возложенных на византийских военачальников и размещенный здесь воинский контингент. Внутрикрепостное пространство делилось на две функциональные зоны – жилой и хозяйственной застройки (до 50% общей площади) и свободной от застройки территории, которая могла использоваться как убежище для населения округи. Раскопки открытых участков жилой застройки указывают на их рядовой характер.Базилика, как и прежде, выполняла роль топографического, идеологического и административного центра поселения. По крайней мере, следов отдельного укрепленного центра (цитадели), присущего многим городам и крепостям Византийской империи, начиная со средневизантийского периода ее истории, на Мангупе до сих пор не обнаружено. На протяжении всего фемного периода население городища продолжало заниматься скотоводством и земледелием, но специализированными отраслями постепенно становятся виноградарство и товарное виноделие, ориентированные на экспорт. Занятия виноделием находились под контролем византийской администрации, о чем свидетельствуют находки стационарных виноградодавилен внутри обжитой зоны крепости.
Крым, Мангуп, Дорос, византийская фема, турмарх, топотерит, Цула, византийский город
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